(U 11. J.. IfAIKCIIIIJ) OLACTAL WATKJJS IN FINdKK I-AKKS i;K(;iOX 



tlie limestone with a northeastward direction. Tlie east bank of the old 

 river is cons}>icuous, hut the west bank is less definite, as the ice-sheet 

 limited the river upon that side. North of the road the clumnel is bare 

 limestone where the river had rapids in its hastening to the cataract that 

 may be seen about one-half mile north of the road. The canyon from 

 the cataract leads north over one-half mile to White lake, and then swings 

 east-northeast to the limestone valley at High l^ridge, one mile south of 

 Fayetteville. The cataract will be shown upon the Tully to})Ograi)hic 

 sheet, while the canyon is depicted upon the Syracuse sheet. The chan- 

 nel at the intake near the road corners is 780+ feet, according to the 

 map. We will name this the High Bridge channel. This channel was 

 abandoned while the Reservoir channel was yet effective, as the mouth 

 of the latter, soutli of Jamesville, is cut broadly into the rock at a lower 

 level, about 650 feet. 



No entirely separate channel corresponds east of the Butternut valle\' 

 with the Jamesville canyon. The escaping waters seem to have laved 

 the retreating glacier front and to have cut a series of cliffs on the south- 

 eastern shore as they flowed toward the High Bridge channel. 



A western branch of the High Bridge channel forms a fairly direct 

 eastward continuation of the Railroad channel. The intake is given on 

 the Syracuse sheet as 500-f feet. This is abroad scourway in decom- 

 posed Salina shales, leading b}^ rapids to the High Bridge gorge at White 

 lake. The north side of these channels is not adequately portrayed by 

 the 20 feet contours of the map, nor is the morainic topograph5^ 



A third or northwest branch of the High Bridge channel is a few feet 

 lower than the western branch, and was the latest waterwa}" leading east 

 from the Butternut valley. The High Bridge river built a delta in the 

 Limestone valley at High Bridge. The summit plateau northwest of the 

 village is given an elevation on the Syracuse sheet of 500 feet. 



The Butternut valley is so narrow at Jamesville, being scarcely more 

 than a ravine, that it afforded scant si)ace for delta accumulation, and 

 the debris was probably carried on by eastward flow, while later stream- 

 work carried an}' lingering detritus north into Iroquois waters. 



Channels leading East from Limestone Valley 



The last members of this remarkable series of channels occur north- 

 east of Fayetteville, and they carried the falling waters out to the open 

 Iroquois plain. There are two gorges, the higher and earlier having two 

 branches. These are depicted on the Chittenango sheet. The earliest 

 canyon heads as a cataract (plate 9, figure 2) two and one-half miles east 

 of Fayetteville, on the east side of a north-and-south road, with an ele- 



