OEDOVICIAN FAUNAS IN LAKE CHAMPLAIN VALLEY 453 



Comparatively little attention has been given to the paleontology of the region 

 until quite recently, but the field is one which affords unusually good opportuni- 

 ties for the study of the entire Ordovician series from the base of the Calciferous 

 to an horizon which is at least well up toward the top of the Utica slates. The 

 metamorphism which a short distance from the lake on the Vermont side nearly 

 obliterated the fossil contents of the rocks did not extend to the edge of the lake 

 in most cases. This is contrary to the irapi'ession which might be gained from 

 the legend employed on the large wall-map of the state by Professor Hall and 

 Mr McGee (1894). On both lake shores are numerous localities where the low- 

 dipping strata abound in remains of organisms and afford excellent advantages for 

 the study of a continuous section. 



The results in the present paper represent the summary of a detailed laboratory 

 examination of a mass of material, aggregating several tons in weight, collected 

 at the localities described during the summers from 189o to 1896, inclusive, and 

 now deposited in the geological museum of Columbia University. 



In the early period of the organization of the New York state geological survey 

 but little attention was devoted to the details of stratigi-aphy or enumerations of 

 the fossils contained in the formations which comprised the " Champlain division " 

 of the New York system before that divisional designation was transferred to the 

 upper portion of the geological column. Volume I of the Palpeontology of New 

 York mentions but 16 fossil species from the three formations under consideration, 

 in the Champlain valley, 4 from the Black River zone, 12 from the Trenton, and none 

 from the Utica or the Hudson. The 1861 report on the Geology of Vermont enu- 

 merates 32 Trenton and 5 Utica species. Our investigations to date, in the localities 

 enumerated in the present contribution, show more than 100 species, exclusive of 

 corals, bryozoa, and ostracods, of each of which groups there are many representa- 

 tives, and which are now in the hands of Mr E. 0. Ulrich for identification. 



The close detailed work of Logan, published in the 1863 report on the geology of 

 Canada, added much information regarding the stratigraphy of the northern end 

 of the lake. The papers of Marcou,* in connection with the Cambrian and Taconic 

 controversies, and the theory of precursory " colonies," have increased our knowl- 

 edge of several of the Ordovician localities. More recently the papers of Walcott,t 

 Whitfield,! Brainerd and Seely,? Kemp, || Gushing, f Ells,** and Ami ff have largely 



* J. Marcoii : BuH. Soc. Geol. France, 3d ser., vol. xi, 1883, pp. 407-435 ; Mem. Boston See. Nat. 

 Hist., vol. iv, 1888, pp. 105-131 ; Proe. Amer. Acad., vol. xx, 1885, pp. 174-256. 



fC. D. Walcott: Bull. 30, U. S. Geological Survey, 1886 ; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. xxxiii, 1888, 

 pp. 229-242, 307-327, 394-401; Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. xxxix, 1890, pp. 101-115 ; Bull. 81, U. S. 

 Geological Survey, 1891. 



t R. P. Whitfield : Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. i, 1886, pp. 293-345 ; Ibid., vol. ii, 1889, pp. 

 41-63; Ibid., vol. iii, 1890, pp. 25-39; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. i, 1890, pp. 514,515; Ibid., vol. ix, 

 1897, pp. 177-184. 



§ E. Brainerd andH. M. Seely : Am. Geologist, vol. ii, 1888, pp. 323-330 ; Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. i, 

 1890, pp^ 501-511 : Ibid., vol. ii, 1891, pp. 293-300; Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. iii, 1890, pp. 1-23; 

 Ibid., vol. viii, 1890, pp. 305-315. 



II J. F. Kemp : Bull. 107, U. S. Geological Survey, 1893 ; Rept. State Geologist N. Y. for 1893 (1894), 

 pp. 433-472 ; Fifteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Geologist, 1895, pp. 576-614 ; Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 

 vol. iii, 1895, pp. 322-355. 



IfH. C. Gushing : Ann. Rept. New York State Geologist for 1893 (1894), pp. 473-489 ; Ball. Geol. Soc. 

 Amer., vol. vi, 1895, pp. 285-296 ; Fifteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Geologist, 1895, pp. 499-573. 



** R. W. Ells : Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Canada, vol. vii, 1896, pp. 15J-37J. 



ft H. H. Ami : Ann Rept. Ge'ol. Survey Canada, vol vii, 1896, pp. 113J-157J ; Ottawa Naturalist, vol 

 ix, 1896, pp. 215, 216. 



