364 
ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
may become allied with the New York Academy of Sciences by consent of 
the Council. Members of allied societies may become Active Members of 
the Academy by paying the Academy's annual fee, but as members of an 
allied society they shall be Associate Members with the rights and privileges 
of other Associate Members, except the receipt of its publications. Each 
allied society shall have the right to delegate one of its members, who is also 
an Active Member of the Academy, to the Council of the Academy, and such 
delegate shall have all the rights and privileges of other Councilors. 
Article VII. The President and Vice-Presidents shall not be eligible 
to more than one re-election until three years after retiring from office; the 
Secretaries and Treasurer shall be eligible to re-election without limitation. 
The President, Vice-presidents and Secretaries shall be Fellows. The 
terms of office of elected Councilors shall be three years, and these officers 
shall be so grouped that two, at least one of whom shall be a Fellow, shall 
be elected and two retired each year. Councilors shall not be eligible to 
re-election until after the expiration of one year. 
Article VII. The election of officers shall be by ballot, and the 
candidates having the greatest number of votes shall be declared duly elected. 
Article IX. Ten members, the majority of whom shall be Fellows, 
shall form a quorum at any meeting of the Academy at which business is 
transacted. 
Article X. The Academy shall establish by-laws, and may amend 
them from time to time as therein provided. 
Article XI. This Constitution may be amended by a vote of not less 
than three fourths of the fellows and three fourths of the active members 
present and voting at a regular business meeting of the Academy, provided 
that such amendment shall be publicly submitted in writing at the preceding 
business meeting, and provided also that the Recording Secretary shall send 
a notice of the proposed amendment at least ten days before the meeting, 
at which a vote shall be taken, to each Fellow and Active Member entitled 
to vote. 
BY-LAWS. 
As Adopted, October 6, 1902, and Amended at Subsequent Times. 
Chapter I. 
OFFICERS. 
1. President. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at the 
business and special meetings of the Academy; he shall exercise the cus¬ 
tomary duties of a presiding officer. 
