370 
ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
Chapter XI. 
GENERAL PROVISIONS. 
1. Debts. No debts shall be incurred on behalf of the Academy, unless 
authorized by the Council. 
2. Bills. All bills submitted to the Council must be certified as to 
correctness by the officers incurring them. 
3. Divestments. All the permanent funds of the Academy shall be 
invested in United States or in New York State securities or in first mortgages 
on real estate, provided they shall not exceed sixty-five per cent, of the value 
of the property, or in first mortgage bonds of corporations which have paid 
dividends continuously on their common stock for a period of not less than 
five years. All income from patron’s fees, life membership fees and donor’s 
fees shall be added to the permanent fund. 
4. Expulsion, etc. Any Member or Fellow may be censured, sus¬ 
pended or expelled, for violation of the Constitution or By-Laws, or for 
any offence deemed sufficient, by a vote of three fourths of the Members 
and three fourths of the Fellows present at any business meeting, provided 
such action shall have been recommended by the Council at a previous 
business meeting, and also, that one month’s notice of such recommendation 
and of the offence charged shall have been given the Member accused. 
5. Changes in By-Laws. No alteration shall be made in these By- 
Laws unless it shall have been submitted publicly in writing at a business 
meeting, shall have been entered on the Minutes with the names of the 
Members or Fellows proposing it, and shall be adopted by two-thirds of the 
Members and Fellows present and voting at a subsequent business meeting. 
