12 



NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Treatment: spray young with kerosene emulsion or whale oil 

 soap solution. 



1 



A 



b 



Fig. 12 Scale Insects: a apple tree bark louse; b scurfy bark louse; c San Jos6 scale; cl male 

 of same; e English oyster scale; /Putnam's scale (original) 



15 Scurfy bark louse (C h i o n a s p i s f u r f u r u s). The whit- 

 ish, scurfy scales occur on the bark of fruit trees. The purplish 

 eggs remain under the old scales all winter, the young appearing 

 about June 1. A widely distributed scale insect which is som-e- 

 times so abundant as literally to coat the trunk of a tree and giye 

 it the appearance of haying been whitewashed. It i<s confined 

 largely to frnit trees. 



Treatment: spray 3-oung with kerosene emulsion or whale oil 

 soap solution. 



16 San Jose scale (A s p i d i o t u s p e r n i c i s u s). A small 

 circular scale with a central nipple. It is not readily seen unless 

 yery abundant. Infests many trees and shrubs. The specimens 

 show yariations in the appearance of the scales and how it may be 

 disseminated by budding. The young appear from early June till 

 cold weather. A yery prolific and dangerous species. 



Treatment: destroy badly infested trees, specially if young, and 

 spray others thoroughly with 20;^ mechanical emuls-ion of 

 crude petroleum just before the buds start in the spring. Kero- 

 s(nie emulsion or whale oil soap solution may be used in the same 

 way, but neither has proyed equally efi'ectiye. The last two are 

 recommended for summer treatment from the time the young ap- 

 l>ear, using 10;^ kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap at the rate of 

 1 pound to 4 gallons of water, and applying at interyals of abont 

 10 days till the middle of September. KSmall trees can be fumi- 

 gated with hydrocVanic acid gas with excellent results, using 1 



