370 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
of these much reduced in size. Fig. 219 is similar, and has an or- 
nament attached. These are all from graves in. Pompey and are 
in the Bigelow collection. When taken from graves, there is often 
more or less of a coating of a brown substance, perhaps from con- 
tact with the flesh. This appears on several of these. As a stand- 
ard of measurement the extreme width of the largest gorget on 
this plate is 5.25 inches. Where beads are as slender as these all 
traces of the species are usually obliterated, and many of them may 
have been made by the colonists for the Indian trade, all of these 
slender ones being recent. They are frequent on many sites and 
are quite uniform in character. 
Fig. 115 is a good example of this class from East Cayuga. 
It is 4.75 inches long and well polished. The harder shells often 
retain this polish, while the softer easily corrode. Others were 
found with this one. Fig. 127 has a similar polish, but is much 
shorter and less slender. It came from Geneva. Fig. 131 is one 
of four very long beads from Pompey. It is 5 inches long. Fig. 
132 is 4 inches long, and is but one of a number of this size from 
the same town. They are so closely alike that no more illustra- 
tions are needed here. ; 
Much more interesting individually, and often more antique, are 
the ruder columella beads. Fig. 111 is from the noted Palatine 
Bridge graves, and from association seems quite early, though its 
character is less antique. Apparently it was made from Fulgur 
carica, but a similar bead with it was of Bus ycomepeee 
versum. There were also shells of Melampus bDid@enme 
tatus, a small marine marsh species. Fig. 110 much resembles 
these, and was found by the writer on a site on Seneca river, prob- 
ably not far from 350 years old. Fig. 108 is from a similar site 
north of the last and just across the river. It was found in 1893. 
Both these are nearly of the same age and are made of Fulgur 
carica. Fig. 118 is of the ‘same material, but has a mage 
definite date. It was found at the Onondaga fort west of Caze- 
novia, and therefore is about 300 years old. It is doubtful whether 
Busycon perversum had reached that vicinity so early. 
The finest columella beads have come from Cayuga county, and 
