WAMPUM AND SHELL ARTICLES 331 
it is implied that it was very large. From slight experiments in 
drilling the writer finds it less difficult than is sometimes repre- 
sented. 
Roger Williams gave the words, puckwhéganash and mucksuck 
for the awl blades already mentioned. It may be observed, also, 
that the word muges is used in the printed record of the deed of 
East Hampton, in 1648, instead of muxes, as given by Mr Tooker. 
In the Documentary Iistory of the state of New York it is muc.s, 
which is nearer his rendering. In the same deed the Indians “ re- 
serve libertie to fish in all convenient places, for Shells to make wam- 
pum.”’—Rec. East Hampton, 1 :3. Evidently the trade was highly 
valued by them. 
Unio beads and ornaments are very rare, considering how fine 
and abundant was this material, and but two other genera of fresh- 
water shells appear in use. Some marine species will be mentioned 
in treating of articles, butt Melampus bidentatus was oc- 
casionally used in early and recent times. It is neither showy nor 
durable, but is of the desired form, requiring merely perforation. 
The manufacture of articles of shell was at first mainly on or near 
the seashore. Unio beads are very rarely found in the interior 
of New York, and the writer has noticed a few perforated 
Goniobasis and Melantho shells not otherwise worked. 
All these are fresh-water species, and the last may have been 
earliest in use. This perforated green shell has been found spar- 
ingly in Erie and Jefferson counties, and may occur elsewhere. 
Fig. 17 and 18 show some from the former county, perforated near 
the lip, as in all other cases. Goniobasis is asmaller and more 
slender shell, and perforated specimens of two species occur from 
Madison county westward. Schoolcraft described one asa Mar- 
ginella. Fig. 25 shows some from the fort west of Cazenovia. 
Quite ‘a number have been found there, and they are about 300 
years old. They do not occur naturally within 20 miles of the spot. 
A few have been found in the country of the Senecas, mostly from 
recent sites in Livingston county, and they seem to be the fresh- 
water shell beads of Seneca tradition. 
Long shell beads are sometimes found in the interior, possibly 
