432 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
In 1745 Gov. Clinton gave the Six Nations “a large Belt with the 
figure of a Hatchet hung to it.” In 1757 Sir William Johnson gave 
them a large belt, with the seal of his office on a parchment tied 
to it. The same year while in Canada the Oneidas presented the 
Cayugas with a belt and an English scalp attached, English scalps 
never before having been in the Cayuga cabins. Scalps were often 
attached to belts, and scalp belts were given in place of Indians 
killed. At Oswego in 1766 an Onondaga chief gave a Cherokee 
scalp to Johnson, “after painting the scalp belt of wampum which 
hung to it.” On the death of the Half King in 1756, a stick with 
an Indian scalp and two black belts at the end, was presented at 
Carlisle. Several examples of attached belts occurred that year in 
Pennsylvania. Two belts and two strings tied endwise were used 
on one occasion, and a belt of eight rows had two strings attached on 
another. The same year at Easton two belts tied together signified 
that Teedyuscung and Newcastle were joint agents. The former 
chief, at the same place the next year, gave a belt of 12 rows 
strung on cords, and also two belts tied together, with an explana- 
tion of the ancient mode of making an everlasting peace. In 1765 
Pontiac sent his large pipe to Johnson with a belt attached, calu- 
mets being highly esteemed by nations farther west. In 1768 the 
Cherokees gave belts and calumets. One belt had a calumet and 
eagle’s tail attached. 
One curious mention of a chain belt occurs in the Paris docu- 
ments. In 1682 Count Frontenac’s third word to the Iroquois 
deputies was the “third belt of wampum in the form of a chain.” 
This may refer to a primitive method of making these belts by 
tying strings together. A yet more puzzling statement relates to 
the council at which Fort Frontenac was founded in 1673. The 
chiefs addressed the count in turn, and “each captain presented, at 
the conclusion of his speech, a belt of wampum, which is worthy 
of note, because formerly it was customary to present only some 
fathoms of stringed wampum.” Such large numbers of belts were 
described before this that the comment is not easily understood. 
Belts were often doubled, one message being given in this way, 
