SCALE INSECTS OF IMPORTANCE 33 1 



which represents the scale of a fully developed female. The form and 

 orange red exuviae of the male scales are illustrated in figure 9. The 

 varying appearance of the young is shown in figures 3, 4 and 5, 



Life history. This species, as determined by Prof. Johnson, winters 

 partly grown in Illinois, the males appearing about the middle 

 of April and the* young beginning to emerge early in May, eggs and 

 young being found as late as June 20. This insect, in the latitude of 

 Springfield (111.) produces two generations annually, the males of the 

 second brood appearing from July 10 to August i, and the young of this 

 generation from the first week in August till late in September. 



Distribution. Prof Johnson states that this insect is common in 

 Illinois and neighboring states. It is apparently very rare in New York 

 state, having been received from Manchester, Cornwall and Kinderhook 

 and by Dr Howard from Geneva. So far as known, it has been found 

 in but two localities in Massachusetts. Prof. Hunter records it from 

 Kansas and New Mexico. It also occurs in Maryland, Georgia and 

 West Virginia. 



Natural enemies. The following seven parasites were reared by 

 Prof. Johnson from this scale insect : Prospalta murtfeldti How., 

 Prospalta aurantii How., Perrisopterus pulchellus 

 How., Signiphora nigrita How. MS., Arrhenophagus 

 chionaspidis Aur., Ablerus clisiocampae Ashm., and a 

 species belonging to the genus Encyrtus. He also observed whitish 

 mites under the scales. The twice stabbed lady bug, Chilocorus 

 bivulnerus Muls., in both adult and larval stages, feeds on this 

 insect. 



Food plants. This insect has been recorded on the following: 

 apple, apricot, cherry, pear, plum, quince, currant and honey locust. 



Remedies. Thorough spraying with insecticides, as recommended 

 for the San Jose scale, should prove equally effective with this species. 



Bibliography 



Johnson, W. G. Descriptions of five new species of scale insects, 

 with notes. 111. state laboratory of natural hist. v. 4. art. 13, 1S96. 

 p. 380-83 (original description) ; Notes on new and old scale insects. 

 U. S. dep't agric. div. ent. Bui. 6, n. s. 1896. p. 74-75 (notes on 

 life history, food plants, habits and parasites) ; Preliminary notes on five 

 new species of scale insects. Ent, news. 1896. 7 : 151 (notes) ; Notes, 

 on some little known insects of economic importance. U. S. clcp't agric. 



