364 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



FIG. 



6 Group of female and half-grown scales, much enlarged 



7 Spray of ivy showing scales on upper and under surface of the leaves 



and on the stem, natural size 



8 Yellowish eggs and young found under a scale, very much enlarged 



PLATE 8 



Effects of undiluted crude petroleum 



Tree 93, lombard plum, was sprayed with crude petroleum April 11, and 



the tree photographed July 2. 

 Tree 8, one of the same variety, was similarly sprayed with a 20% 



mechanical emulsion of crude petroleum, and the tree photographed 



July 2. Compare the two in order to gain an idea of the effect of 



crude petroleum. 



PLATE 9 



Effects of undiluted crude petroleum 



Tree loi, a seckel pear, was sprayed with , undiluted crude petroleum, 

 April II, and photographed July 2. 



The king appletree was painted with crude petroleum Dec. i, 1899, and 

 photographed May 21. This tree died during the summer, throw- 

 ing out scarcely a leaf. 



Tree no, a Kieffer pear sprayed with Good's whale oil soap April 11, is 

 represented by way of contrast. 



PLATE 10 

 Fumigating tent in operation. The tent is lifted bodily from the tree 

 with the aid of the tackle and pole. The hood w^as kept distended 

 in this instance in order to make the cubic contents more constant. 



PLATE i: 



FIG. 



I Diagrammatic representation of anal plate of adult female scale insect, 

 showing peculiar organs. Those belonging specially to the ventral 

 surface are represented on the left half of the figure; those of the 

 dorsal surface on the right. 



a, a lobes, heavily chitinized at tip 



b, b, b, b spines, on ventral and on dorsal surfaces, the latter slightly 

 out of focus 



r, c, Cj c plates, of varying forms 



d, d, d^ d incisions in margin of anal segment 



