128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



times 1, 5-4, 2, or even by atrophy, 1, 4-4, 1) usually 2, 5-5, 2 in 

 the European type, hooked, with rather narrow grinding sur- 

 face or none; anal basis short or more or less elongate; dorsal 

 fin posterior, usually behind ventrals; intestinal canal short. 

 Size generally large, some species very small. A very large 

 group, one of the largest current genera in ichthyology, repre- 

 sented by numerous species in the rivers of Europe, Asia, and 

 North America. . . Individual irregularities in dentition are 

 common in this genus. 



The typical species of the genus, Leuciscus leuciscus, 

 is the common dace or vandoise of Europe, and differs greatly 

 from any of the iVmerican forms. The presence of various inter- 

 mediate species, however, makes it impossible to draw any satis- 

 factory line between the dace, Leuciscus, on the one hand, 

 and such extreme forms as the long-mouthed minnows, 

 C 1 i n o s t o m u s , on the other. 



Clinostomus is a peculiar group of small, fine-scaled 

 minnows, with the gape of the mouth larger than in any other 

 Cyprinidae whatever. The relationship of the species to 

 those called K i (; h a r d s o n i u s is however very close. (After 

 Jordan and Evermann) 



Subgenus clinostomus Girard 



72 Leuciscus elongatus (Kirtland) 

 Red-sided Shiner 



Luxilus elongatus Kirkland, Rep't Z-ool. Ohio, 169, 1836; Bost. Jour. Nat. 



Hist. Ill, 339, pi. IV, fig. 1, 1841. 

 Leuciscus proriger Gunthee, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. VII, 245, 1868. 

 Squalius elongatus Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 232, 1883. 

 PJioxinus elongatus Bean, Fishes Penna. 52, 1893. 

 Leuciscus elongatus De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 214, 1842; Storer, Syn. 



Fish. N. A. 161, 1846; Gunther, Cat. Fish. B^rit. Mus. VII, 245, 1868; 



Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 240, 1806. 



The red-sided shiner has an elongate fusiform body, its great- 

 est depth two ninths of the total length without the caudal, its 

 greatest width nearly one half of its depth. The caudal ped- 

 uncle is long and slender, its least depth two fifths of greatest 



