FISHES OF NEW YORK 189 



bony serratares; bead naked, usually compressed; mouth rather 

 large, terminal, the jaws about equal, maxillarjies forming the 

 lateral margins of the upper jaw, each composed of about three 

 pieces; premaxillaries not protractile; teeth mostly small, often 

 feeble or wanting, variously arranged; adipose eyelid present 

 or absent; gill rakers long and slender, gill membranes not con- 

 nected, free from the isthmus; no gular plate; gills four, a slit 

 behind the fourth; branchiostegals usually few (6 to 15); 

 posterior lower part of opercular region often with an angular 

 emargination, the tips of the larger branchiostegals being 

 abruptly truncate; pseudobranchiae present; no lateral line. 

 Dorsal fin median or somewhat posterior, rarely wanting; no 

 adipose fin ; A^entrals moderate or small (wanting in P r i s t i - 

 g a s t e r ); anal usually rather long; caudal fin forked. Verte- 

 brae 40 to 56. Genera about 30; species 150; inhabiting all 

 seas, and usually swimming in immense schools; many species 

 ascend fresh waters, and some remain there permanently. The 

 northern and fresh- water species, as in many other families^ 

 differ from the tropical forms in having a larger number of 

 vertebral segments. 



Genus etrumeus Bleeker 

 Body rather elongate, somewhat compressed; the abdomen 

 rounded and without serratures; mouth terminal, of moderate 

 width, formed as in C 1 u p e a , but the maxillary more slender; 

 teeth moderate, in patches on jaws, palatines, pterygoids, and 

 tongue; scales cycloid, entire, very deciduous; branchiostegals 

 numerous, very slender. Ventrals inserted posteriorly, entirely 

 behind dorsal; the dorsal fin rather long, of 18 to 20 rays; anal 

 low, of moderate length. Pseudobranchiae well developed; 

 pyloric caeca numerous. No silvery lateral stripe. Few species. 

 Asiatic and i^merican. (After Jordan and Evermann) 



109 Etrumeus teres (De Kay) 

 Round Herring 



Alosa teres De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 262, pi. 40, fig. 128, 1842. New 



York harbor. 

 Etrumeus teres Gunthee, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. YII, 467, 1868; Jordan & 



Gilbert, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 263, 1883; Bean, Bull. U. S. F. C. 



VII, 148, 1888; 19th Eep. Comm. Fish. N. Y. separate, 44, 1890. 

 Etrumeus sadina Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus, 420, 1896,. 



not Clupea sadina Mitchill; Smith, Bull. U. S. F. C. XVII, 91, 1898. 



