FISHES OF NEW YORK • 549 



the maxillary reaches to below front of pupil, its length con- 

 tained two and three fifths times in length of head; eight 

 developed gill rakers on the first arch, one above and seven 

 below the angle, the longest one half as long as the eye; 

 there are seven rows of scales on the cheeks; the single patch 

 of lingual teeth twice as long as broad; vomerines in a tri- 

 angular patch on the head, with a long, narrow backward 

 extension; palatines in a broad band; scales extend upon the 

 membranes of the dorsal, anal and caudal fins for about one 

 half their hight, or rather more on the caudal; two very strong 

 canines in the upper jaw, and two much smaller ones between 

 these and the symphysis; mandible without enlarged canines; 

 preopercle finely serrate above, coarsely serrate at angle, the 

 posterior margin nearly vertical, with a broad and deep notch; 

 scales comparatively large, in horizontal rows below the lateral 

 line, those above lateral line running parallel with it till below 

 the soft dorsal, where they become slightly irregular and 

 oblique; seven rows of scales on cheek; an embedded row on 

 interopercle; a row on subopercle, and seven rows on opercle; 

 temporal region with about three rows of large scales; top of 

 head, snout, and jaws nakecj. 



The first dorsal spine is one eighth as long as the head, one 

 half as long as the second and the last; the fourth and longest 

 spine is one third as long as the head; the longest ray of the 

 soft dorsal is equal to the longest spine; the last ray is one half 

 as long as the upper jaw. The caudal is slightly emarginate, 

 the upper lobe slightly the longer, the middle rays five ninths 

 as long as the head. The first anal spine is three sevenths as 

 long as the |hird which is nearly as long, but not so strong, 

 as the second and nearly one fourth as long as the head; the 

 second anal ray is longest, nearly four ninths as long as the 

 head, and more than one seventh of total length without caudal. 

 Ventrals one fifth of total length without caudal; pectorals one 

 fourth of the same length, and scarcely reaching vent. B. VII; 

 D. X, 14; A. Ill, 8; V. I, 5; P. I, 16; scales 7-47 to 50-12 to 14; 

 47 pores in lateral line. 



