654 NEiW YORK STATE MU'SEIUM 



between the sucking disk and anal fin; dorsal fin continuous, 

 undivided, its spines not differentiated; caudal well developed; 

 dorsal fin free from caudal or joined; pectoral broad, procurrent 

 at base, emarginate and free at tips, some of the lower rays pro- 

 duced; vertical fins enveloped in the lax skin; vertebrae 35 to 55. 

 Northern seas, near the shores; the species less arctic in distribu- 

 tion and, in general, inhabiting shallower water than is the case 

 with Careproctus and Paraliparis, a fact asso- 

 ciated with the reduced number of vertebrae in L i p a r i s . The 

 species are numerous, but in general well defined, their char- 

 acters varying with age. In most of the species color varieties 

 occur, several having the body often marked everywhere with 

 concentric curved stripes or rings. 



Subgenus liparis (Artedi) Scopoli 

 320 Liparis liparis (Linnaeus) 

 Sea Snail; Striped Sea Snail 



Cyclopterus liparis Linnaeus, Sy&t. I^at. ed. XII, I, 414, 1766, Northern 

 Ocean. 



Liparis vulgaris Fleming, Brit. Anim. 190, 1828; Gunthee, Oat. Fish. Brit. 

 Mus. Ill, 159, 1861; Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst. XI, 12, 1879; 

 Bean, Bull. 15, U. S. Nat. Mus. 115, 1879. 



Liparis Uneata Jokdan & Gilbeut, Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus. 742, 1883. 



Liparis liparis Cuvier, Regne Anim. ed. 1, vol. 2, 227, 1817; Garman, Dis- 

 coboli, 57, 1892; Jordan & Evermann, Bull. 47, U. S, Nat. Mus. II, 

 2116, 1898; H. M. Smith, Bull. U. S. F. 0. 1897, 105, 1898. 



Body thick and subcylindric anteriorly, compressed pos- 

 teriorly, enveloped in an unctuous, thin, loose skin; its greatest 

 depth about one fiftii of the total length. Head obtuse, one 

 fourth of total length; nape slightly swollen. Snout broad, not 

 depressed, moderately long. Cleft of mouth horizontal, not 

 reaching vertical from front of eye; lips rather thick; upper jaw 

 longer than lower. Both jaws with a band of villiform teeth, 

 becoming cardlike in very large individuals. Eye lateral, but 

 interfering with the upper profile of head, one seventh as long 

 as head, one half as long as snout and one half of width of inter- 

 orbital space. Nostril close before eye. Gill opening reduced to 

 a vertical slit extending downward on upper part of base of 

 pectoral, the remainder of the gill membranes being united with 



