REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1903 37 
into a leaf, a branch or a cluster of flowers the next year. In 
breaking a spine from its branch the leaf, branchlet or flower 
cluster is likely to be torn away with it unless care is taken to 
avoid it. The young spine is often adorned with one or more 
narrow foliaceous bracts which are quickly deciduous. The spines 
of the hawthorn are sometimes elongated and leaf bearing. They 
then appear like a short leafy branch terminating in a sharp leaf- 
less point. 
The leaves are alternate and simple but generally more or less 
distinctly lobed and serrated on the margin. Those of young and 
vigorous shoots often differ from others on the same tree in size, 
shape and lobing. The teeth of the margin are nearly always 
tipped with glands which may vary in color in different species. 
The teeth themselves vary according to the species. They may be 
short or long, narrow or broad, blunt or sharp pointed, straight 
or incurved. The surface of the leaf blades may be smooth, 
pubescent or scabrous. In many species the upper surface of the 
young leaves may be coated with deciduous hairs which soon dis- 
appear leaving the surface of the mature leaves glabrous. The 
lower surface is generally paler than the upper. In some species 
the young unfolding leaves are tinged with brownish red or bronze 
red but they become green with advancing age. The leaves are 
normally petiolate and stipulate but the stipules soon disappear 
and in some species the petioles are short and so widely margined 
by the decurrent leaf blades that the leaves appear to be sessile. 
The petioles are often furnished with a few glands which may be 
either sessile or stalked. They are often more highly colored 
when old than when young, and are apt to be shorter on vigorous 
shoots than on fruiting or lateral branches. In general outline 
the leaf blades may vary in different species from oblanceolate or 
spatulate to obovate, ovate, oblong ovate, elliptic, oval or orbicu- 
lar. 
The buds are compact and globular with very broad blunt 
scales. In some species they are covered with a varnish which 
becomes sticky in warm weather. When they burst in spring the 
inner scales enlarge rapidly, become elongated and assume pink 
