584 GRAY. 



Tides, inaiore cacliiiino 

 concutitnr ; flet, si lacrimas adspexit aviici. 



With regard to the tenses of the Subjunctive, Optative, and 

 Injunctive in the conditional sentences of the A vesta, I have not 

 been able to detect any difference in force between the Present 

 and the Aorist. The distinction which exists in some languages, 

 such as Greek, between the Aorist and the Present seems to be 

 entirely lacking in Avestan. This is the same conclusion as was 

 reached by Jolly in 1872 (Conj. u. Opt. 20—21). 



Variations in mood in the same verb when it is repeated in a 

 parallel passage or in different manuscripts of the same passage 

 are rather frequent. The following examples may be collected 

 from the texts considered above. 



A. Indicative beside Subjunctive : frliiaiti ys. 62. 9 : dfrindl 

 vd. 18. 26, sauaite ys. 11. 6 : zanaitc Mf 2. K. 11. L 13, zanaiti 

 J 6. 7. C 1. L 1. 2, inarat ys. 19. 6 Pt 4. S 1. Mf 1. 2. K 4. 

 Bb 1 : viarai J. 2, vaocai ys. 31. 6 J 2. Pt 4. Mf 1. 2. Jp. 1. K 4. 

 37. Pd. L 1. Dh 1. S 2 : vaocai K 5. 11. S. 1. J 3. 7. 1. H 1. C 1. 

 L 13. 2. 3. Bb 1, carat ys. 46. 4 K 4. 10. Jm. 1. L 1 : carat J 2. 

 3. 6. 7. Pt. 4. S 1. Mf 2. Jp. 1. L. 13. 2. 3. 2, barai yt. 13. 18 

 Mf 3. K 13. 14. 38. Lb. 5. H 5. J 10 : barai F 1. Pt 1. E 1. L 18. 

 P 13. (cf vd. 13. 14), Jiqm-pacaitc ys. 62. 7 Pt 4. 1. Mf. 3. Pd. 

 HI. P 6. Mf 1. Jp 1. K 4. 36. J 9. H 2. J 2. K 5. J 15 : hqm- 

 pacaiti Pt 4. 1. Mf. 3. Pd. H 1. 2. P 6. F 1. J 9. K 7c. 15. 



B. Optative beside Subjunctive : gjitrvayai yt. 14. 52 F 1. E 1. 

 K 16. Jm 4. L 11. Pt. 1. L 18. P 13. 3 : gdiirvaydii K 38. M. 

 1. Ml 2, nisJuoaiti vd. 16. 8 Mf 2 and nisliaoaita Jp 1 and Indic- 

 atives nisliabaitlYL la and nishadaita L 4 : nishioacta L 2. Br. 1. 

 L 1. K 10, visaitc ys. 10. 8 M 1. J 2, and Indicatives visaite J 3. 

 Mf 2 and vJsaiti K 4. J 6. 7. H 1. P 6. C 1. L 2. 3. 2. Bb 1 : 

 znsaete Pt. 4. 



A somewhat similar phenomenon is the use of different modes 

 in the Apodoses of a single Protasis. Thus in the Apodoses of 

 the conditional sentence in Vd. 18. 69-70 we find in one the Sub- 

 junctive fraviiuiyai and in the other the Optati\'e frabardii. 

 The lateness of the passage arouses one's suspicion. It is to be 

 nferred from the passages which we have cited that the Sub- 



