Acanthocephala 83 



locally abundant in Dorosoma cepedianum from regions about 

 Peoria and Havana, Illinois, extensive collections from other parts 

 of the continent have never produced them from any other localities. 



Pond and lake conditions furnish by far the most favorable 

 environment for development of excessive infestations by Acantho- 

 cephala, yet on the whole the infestations of individual hosts from 

 Oneida Lake were relatively light. 



In the region under consideration the influence of migratory fishes, 

 such as the eels, in the dispersal of various species of Acanthocephala 

 seems to be negligible. In some localities migratory fishes are re- 

 ported to have caused a mixing of fresh-water and marine species of 

 Acanthocephala. Many species of Acanthocephala lack definite 

 restrictions as to specific hosts. As a consequence they are faculta- 

 tive parasites of many diverse kinds of fish. Thus the eels from 

 Oneida Lake have been found to harbor the two species of 

 Acanthocephala most abundantly represented in that local fauna. 

 Apparently the fresh-water acanthocephalan fauna has not been 

 enriched by the addition of species recently introduced from the 

 ocean by migratory fishes. 



REFERENCES TO LITERATURE 



Leuckart, Rudolf. 



1873. De statu et embryonali et larvalie Echinorhynchorum 



eorumque metamorphosi. Lipsiae, pp. 1—37. 

 Linton, Edwin. 



1889. Notes on Entozoa of ]\Iarine Fishes of New England, 



with Descriptions of Several New Species. Report 



Commr. U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1886, 



Vol. 14, pp. 453-511- 

 1 89 1. Notes on Entozoa of Marine Fishes, with Descriptions 



of New Species, Part III. Report Commr. U. S. 



Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1888, Vol. 16, pp. 



523-542. 

 1893. On Fish Entozoa from Yellowstone National Park. 



Report Commr. U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 



1889^1, Vol 17, pp. 545-564- 

 1901. Parasites of Fishes of the Woods Hole Region. Bull. 



U. S. Fish Comm., Vol. 19, pp. 405-492. 

 1905. Parasites of Fishes of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bull. 



U. S. Bur. Fish., Vol. 24, pp. 321-428. 



LUHE, M. 



191 1. Acanthocephalen. Die Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands, 

 Heft 16, pp. 1-116. Jena. 

 Van Cleave, H. J. 



1913. The Genus Neorhynchus in North America. Zool. Anz. 

 Vol. 43, pp. 177-190- 



1919. Acanthocephala from the Illinois River, with Descrip- 

 tions of Species and a Synopsis of the Family Neoe- 

 chinorhynchidae. Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Survey, Vol. 13, 

 pp. 225-257. 



