Fish Culture in Inland Waters 287 



distributed has had other species added to it and some subtracted 

 from it, according to the Eleventh Annual Report of the Conserva- 

 tion Commission for the year 1921. Also during other years species 

 not mentioned in either list were distributed to some extent. 

 Reference will be made to some of these. 



The Trouts and Salmons. The trouts and salmons comprise the 

 most highly esteemed and ardently sought for game fishes in the 

 eastern states, and of the game fishes they have also received the 

 greatest amount of fish cultural attention. A number of other 

 species than those mentioned in this connection have been introduced 

 and distributed in waters of the eastern United States, but with 

 no real success. Only those at present propagated and distributed 

 by the State of New York are discussed in the following pages. 



Brook Trout. Bean ('16) states: "The best places for planting 

 brook trout are in the rivulets and spring feeders, tributary to the 

 larger streams, into which the fish will work their way as they grow. 

 Make sure that the brooks are not such as will dry up or become 

 stagnant during the summer. . . . The fry are ready for distribu- 

 tion in March or April and fingerlings from May to July. The 

 latter should not be planted in quite such small streamlets as the 

 fry." 



" The streams to be stocked should not rise above 68 degrees in 

 temperature during the summer. Brook trout will not live and 

 thrive in warmer waters. It has been found in various parts of the 

 State that certain streams formerly abounding in brook trout will 

 no longer support this species, and in many cases it is quite evident 

 that this is directly due to the cutting off of the forests and the 

 consequent increase in temperature of the waters through exposure 

 to the sun. The banks of the stream should be grown with trees 

 or tall shrubs in order to provide the necessary shade and coolness. 

 Where the vegetation has been removed, black alder or quick grow- 

 ing willows may be advantageously planted along the banks. It is 

 useless to place trout in waters made impure with sewage, mill, 

 dairy or other refuse, for they are peculiarly sensitive to pollution 

 and will not remain in such waters." 



For many years the upper temperature limit of 68 degrees has 

 been observed. But Embody ('21) adduces evidence from experi- 

 ments tending to show that this standard for the upper safety limit 

 has been set toO' low, other conditions being wholly favorable. 

 Referring to his experiments with young brook trout and other 

 species in small artificial ponds and " wood races " in 1920 and 

 1921, Embody emphasizes the point that brook trout will with- 

 stand a degree of temperature considerably higher than the usually 

 accepted upper limit. In one instance, " The brook trout passed 

 through a temperature of 83.3 degrees F. without loss, but with 

 evident distress and failure of appetite. They apparently recovered 

 on a drop of nine degrees over night and a maximum of 79.7 degrees 

 the following day. They lived through five succeeding days with 

 the maximal temperatures ranging from 78.8 degrees to 80.7 degrees 



