364 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



PAGE 

 Figure 54. " Old' Black Joe," one of the huge black bears at the Canyon 

 garbage dump. It is said that none but a full grown grizzly 

 can master this 500-pound giant. Photo by Edmund Heller, 



_ 1921 415 



Figure 55. Black bears enjoying themselves amid the ruins of delicatessen. 

 They usually come to the dumps at mid-daj^ but the grizzlies 



wait until evening. Photo by Edmund Heller, 192 1 415 



Figure 56. A friendly " cinnamon " bear being studied by Mrs. Heller and 

 Dan Beard at Camp Roosevelt. It is dangerous to feed any 

 Park bears out of hand; they should never be approached 

 closely except by one familiar with their uncertain moods. 

 The safest rule is to " Leave 'em alone! " Photo by Edmund 



Heller, 1921 416 



Figure 57. A Camp Roosevelt bear that helped the author take many bear 



portraits. Photo by Hilda Hempl Heller, 1921 416 



Figure 58. The caretaker and one of his friends at Camp Roosevelt. These 

 two have a mutual understanding and never take any undue 

 advantage. Photo by Edward A. Eichstaedt, Aug. 15, 1922. . 419 

 Figure 59. Exploring the camp yard for possible tidbits. This cinnamon 

 bear, with her litters of cubs, has been a leading attraction at 

 Camp Roosevelt for several years. Photo by Edward A. 



Eichstaedt, Aug. 15, 1922 419 



Figure 60. This scene may be witnessed any day at Camp Roosevelt where 

 the wild bears may be observed and photographed at will, to 

 the great delight of all visitors. Photo by Edward A. Eich- 

 staedt, Aug. 15, 1922 420 



Figure 61. A black bear sitting astride a limb in a grotesquely man-like 

 fashion, — not a common proceeding. Nothing is more fasci- 

 nating than the bears' droll antics. Photo by Edmund Heller, 



1921 420 



Figure 62. A tired cub resting high up in a Douglas fir, while its mother 

 forages below. Black bear cubs always scamper up the nearest 

 tree at the least sign of danger, or at a signal from the mother. 



Photo by Edward R. Warren, Aug. 23, 1921 423 



Figure 63. Seeking shelter in a pine tree during a September snowstorm. 

 Two adult bears at peace in the same tree is unusual, except in 



an emergency. Photo by Edmund Heller, 192 1 423 



Figure 64. A bull elk during the rutting season of late October, ranging in the 



sagebrush of Swan Lake Flat. Photo by Edmund Heller, 1921. 424 

 Figure 65. A bull elk with fully developed antlers in October among the 



aspen groves of the Lamar Valley. Photo by Edmund Heller, , 



1921 424 



Figure 66. An elk trail through the lodgepole pine forest on a ridge beside 

 Lost Creek. Such trails often parallel the deep ravines, 

 crossing at favorable points. Photo by Edward R. Warren, 



^. 1921 427 



Figure 67. A group of elk cows and their calves in aspen woods near Mam- 

 moth Hot Springs in winter. Photo by Edmund Heller, 1921. 427 

 Figure 68. A band of cow elk in the snows of late November at Mammoth. 

 This open cedar grove was severely browsed by elk during a 

 starvation period, the winter of 1919-1920. Photo by Edmund 



Heller, 192 1 428 



Figure 69. An elk herd (males and females) in the Upper Gardiner Valley in 



late November. Photo by Edmund Heller, 1921 428 



Figure 70. A band of cow elk in the Gardiner Valley in early winter. The 

 characteristic gait is a rapid trot, the muzzle being held high. 



Photo by Edmund Heller, 192 1 431 



Figure 71. " Billy," the gelded eUc that for several years frequented Camp 

 Roosevelt and the Lamar Valley in summer, migrating to 

 Mammoth in winter. The abnormal antlers were soft, and were 

 never shed; one had been accidentally broken. Photo by 

 Edward R. Warren, August 21, 1921 431 



