166 FAUNA OF NEW ENGLAND. 



PASSERES. OSCINES. 



FRINGILLIDAE. 



Fringilla erythrophthalma Linne, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, 

 p. 180. "Aaierica." 



Thickets and sprout land; nests on the ground, rarely in bushes. 



Me. — Uncommon summer resident in southwestern counties. 

 May 6-Oct. 18 (Nov. 21). 



N. H. — Common summer resident in southern part, becoming 

 uncommon north to White Mt. valleys. May 1-Oct. 15. 



Vt. — Uncommon summer resident. May-Sept. 



Mass. — Common summer and very rare winter resident. (April 

 2) April 18-Oct. 22 (Nov. 30, Dec. 4); (winter). Eggs, May 17- 

 June 12. 



R. I. — Common summer and very rare winter resident. April 

 19-Oct. 13 (Jan. 14, 1896, NcAvjDort). Eggs, May 21- June 3. 



Conn. — Common summer and very rare winter resident. 

 April 25-Nov. 25 (Dec. 28, 1908, New Haven; Jan. 22, 1876, 

 Portland). Eggs, May 21- June 6. 



308. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linne) Lichtenstein. 



Cardinal; Cardinal grosbeak; Red-bird; Virginia nightingale. 



Loxia cardinalis Linne, Syst. nat., ed. 10, 1758, vol. 1, ]>. 172. 

 "in America septentrionali." 



Pitylus cardinalis Linne. Audubon, Birds of Amer., 1841, vol. 

 3, p. 198, pi. 203. Egg, Capen, 1886, pi. 10, figs. 11, 12. 



Bushy fields and thickets; nests in bushes. 



Me. — Several recorded ; probably some are escaped cage birds 

 (9 from flock of three, Gardiner, Dec. 19, 1895). 



Vt. — Rare visitor or escape: Brattleboro. 



Mass. — Occasional visitor at all seasons and escape; doubtfully 

 stated to have bred at Cambridge (a mid bird and a freed cage bird 

 nested in Brookline, eggs, June 6, 1898). 



Conn. — Occasional visitor or escape. 



