160 REVIEW——-ENGLISH DEER-PARKS. 
eer, as observed in Mr. Whitaker's own pretty little park at 
Rainworth in Notts. Red Deer are now kept in 86 parks, as against 
only 31 in 1867, and at Bolton Abbey and Barningham, Yorkshire, 
as well as at a single Oxfordshire and a single Berkshire park they 
are the only kind of deer kept. The white or cream-coloured variety 
of the Red Deer with flesh-coloured noses and pale blue or straw- 
coloured eyes are mentioned as found in six parks, including Welbeck, 
where there are fourteen head, and Alnwick, where there are two. In 
two parks the herds of Fallow Deer are pure white ; these are Welbeck, 
where there are over 130, and Sledmere, which contains 30. The 
Welbeck fawns are pure white from birth, but the Sledmere ones 
commence their existence of a dark cream colour, and do not become 
white till three years old. On the other hand the Sledmere fawns are 
always born true to colour, but at Welbeck there is a tendency to 
revert to the normal coloration of the species, which has to be 
checked by killing every fawn born ‘off colour.’ In four parks the 
melanic or black variety alone is kept, two of these being Levens, 
Westmorland, and Stanton-in-the-Peak, Derbyshire, at which latter 
park the fawns are all born true to colour. A few notes on the pro- 
‘portion of deer to acreage, and on the method of catching them when 
wanted, close the introduction. 
In looking over the ‘ directory ’ portion of the work, one cannot but 
notice the great variety of animal and bird life which the parks are 
mentioned as containing in addition to the deer, cattle and various 
fancy breeds of sheep and goats, numerous introduced and indigenous 
mammals and birds, of which are noted: Elands, Elk, Hares, Rabbits, 
Shetland ponies, Emus, Rheas, Herons, Sika Deer, Axis Deer, 
Wapiti, Brahminy Cattle, etc., besides numerous species of wild fowl. 
The heronries in the parks at Dallam Tower, Westmorland, and 
Crofton, Cumberland, are duly mentioned, as also that protection is 
afforded at Duncombe Park, Yorkshire, to Badgers and Otters. The 
size’ at Carden, Cheshire, the ‘ best lime trees in Cheshire’ at Oulton 
Park, and the ‘largest example in the world’ of Sa/ix a/ba at Haver- 
holme Priory, Lincolnshire, where, at five feet above the ground, it 
measures 26 feet in girth. There are a few illustrations of no very 
great account, including a plate of ‘The Buck Gates in Welbeck 
Park’ and a woodcut of ‘Deer Fence at Rainworth,’ both in Notts. — 
Altogether the book is of considerable interest to naturalists, and 
still more to those whose privilege it is to possess a herd of deer 
on their own property.—W.D.R 
