THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT SEDBERGH. 223 
introduced to their subsequent investigations by the exhibits thought- 
fully provided at the conversazione in the evening by the Rev. J. H. 
Mackie, M.A., and Mr. Hugh Richardson, M.A. ‘hese included 
maps of the district, hand specimens of local rocks, both sedi- 
mentary and igneous, a few characteristic fossils, and excellent 
lantern views of some of the most striking sections. To these were 
added microscopic sections of local Mica-traps and Felsites prepared 
and sent by the President of the Geological Section, Mr. Thomas 
Tate, F.G.S. 
The advance party first devoted their attention to the ‘Old Red 
Conglomerate’ through which the river Rawthey runs at and above 
Straight Bridge. It consists here, as elsewhere, of a coarse 
conglomerate of rounded, subangular, and angular fragments of 
the Silurian rocks, ranging from the smallest grains to blocks two 
feet in diameter. These are enclosed in a dark red clayey and 
sandy matrix, and interstices are occasionally filled with calcite. 
One specimen obtained contains a large crystal of pink orthoclase, 
presumably from Shap Granite, which has been previously noted by 
Mr. Goodchild and Prof. H. Alleyne Nicholson as occurring in the 
Basement Beds between Shap and Tebay. Evidence of stratification 
appears in a larger section 200 yards up stream, and an apparent 
imbrication of the contained fragments suggests that the direction 
of deposit was approximately that of the present stream. 
Mr. Tiddeman has previously stated that these ‘Basement Beds 
.have every appearance of having been deposited in valleys.’ 
Subsequently the party worked over the Coniston Grits of Winder, 
exatmined and photographed the glacial moraine in the gill below 
th 
investigations were here suspended to admire the scene. Westwards 
lay in full view the Lune Valley, Morecambe Bay, the Limestone 
plateau behind Grange, and a splendid series of the Lake Mountains. 
Around were the Howgill Fells, with rounded tops and steep slopes 
coloured with the varying shades of a new spring vegetation, while 
further away to the N. and N.E. the hills in the distance showed the 
characteristic contours of the Millstone Grit. Sea and river, wild 
mountain and peaceful valley were all spread out to view, and 
formed a picture for memory to happily recall for many a day. 
What with bad weather on one hand, and an excellent programme 
arranged by Mr. Richardson on the other, as geologists had 
more than their work cut out when the main body arrived 
On the Monday forenoon. Nothing daunted, eee a start 
was made, led by the President of the Union and Mr. Richardson, 
Pn Si, 
July 1894. 
