ii A FLORA OF GIBRALTAR AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD 
or more, the Queen of Spain’s Chair, or Sierra Carbonera, 978 ft., 
and the Sierra ae and Alcadeza Crags, of lower elevation. 
is “full of hollows and pot-holes, and several Sat caves exist ; 
the hollows are filled be a fertile soil, but from the nature of the 
one they very soon get dry. There are no permanent water- 
courses, nor even temporary ones, except during the actual fall of 
heavy rain, and there are no marshes. Here a nd there on the 
reddish sand appears, and on the eastern side, which in its upper 
portion is precipitous, lies a steep slope of blown sea sand, which 
supports a scanty but characteristic vegetation. 
CLIMATE, 
he mean maximum eae ee in July and August, the 
hottest months of the year, is 84°, the mean minimum then being 
75°, while maxima over 90° are not fafrbaaend In January and 
exposed parts, though records exist of py an inch thic 
shallow pools, which, however, soon disappears in the sun. 
T e annual rainfall averages 28-5 in., but varies from 16 in. to 
60 in. or even more. Of this the bulk’ falls between November 
speaking, s spring eae in N ovember, the most floriferous — : 
he mean minima seem too high, but I have not been able to check them 
by official records. 
