316 SEED-STRUCTURE OF RAFFLESIACEZ AND HYDNORACE®. 
. 
surface openings of the slender tubes, arising from the non-thickening 
of the membrane, may be detected. 
The outer envelopes other like the cover of a ball, and is re- 
markable for its great inequality of thickness. Thus, at the micro- 
pyle end it is d only one layer thick; but gradually 
are thickly studded with large pores. Unless treated with K.O. itis 
impossible to discern the cell boundaries (fig. 13), and its inner limit, 
next the central portion of the albumen, was first clearly defined by 
the same means. : 
In this central albumen the cell-walls are almost, if not quite, un- 
distinguishable. The rather large oval, irregularly-scattered cavities 
appe 
Ww ang 
also the outer shell of albumen is developed from the tissue lying 
without the nucleus, and therefore we have an endosperm sheltering 
he embryo, and a highly developed perisperm enclosing the whole. 
(See fig. 13. 
number of distorted, nearly empty, cells. The embryo was not found 
in the same stage of development in all the see ined, - 
may be attributed to the fact that the fruit, although nearly ripe, WS 
not quite perfect. In most instances it consisted of four contiguous 
rows of cells, in which the position of the horizontal cell-walls w®® 
such as to bring the cells into four or five stories. (Fig: 13.) 
Occasionally, and especially in the younger embryos, there were fewer 
(only three) stories, but these were deeper. (Fig. 20.) Finally, © 
some few cases, the four anterior stages were divided by tang 
partitions into enclosed and surface cells; in the lowermost (the 
hypophysis ?) these partitions were wanting. All parts of its yet 
brane are of extreme tenuity, and in consequence much crumpled a 
folded; and the cell contents turbid and much shrunk, and > 
action of the alcohol considerably withdrawn from the arena 
And these conditions seem to indicate that it had not attained its 
development. 
