102 ON CROSS FERTILISATION. 
influences.”’*. In this category he places the stigmatic movements o f 
Mimulus, Martynia, and Scevola, and the movements of the stamens in 
Pg a and other plants. The object of the movements of the stamens 
in Parnassia was already connected in his mind with that of insect 
agency, and this has since been conclusively established by other 
botanists. 
am not aware that a like connection has been noticed between 
. . . 
and Af. glutinosus will, as he himself has tried, close at the slightest 
ch. ‘The sensitiveness will be seen to play a useful part in this 
e flowe rom erect in the bud to horizontal in the full- 
blown flower, but never hang downwards. Of the four stamens the 
anterior, lower, and larger pair rip ep , upper, 
at that time, slanting position of the flower. Ina just-opened flower 
e stigmas are fully open, parallel, and opposite to the lower lip of the 
faces being therefore both downwards; the shorter 
anthers are nearly empty, and the longer ones only just beginning to 
mic with the shorter, and almost 
Ina flower almost beginning to fade the longer stamens are still 
shedding their pollen, the shorter ones are withered, and the stigma 
be-pollened and in many cases closed. This closing may, moreover, be 
rim ing the stigmatic surface with a 
pencil, in which case the stigmas will close in about thi nds. In 
ed toe whether from contact or otherwise, the stigmatic surfaces 
close 
From these facts it will appear that self-fertilisation by the shorter 
stamens is impossible, and that self-fertilisation by the longer stamens 
(1) by their bursting late ; (2) by the direc- 
« rior, by being some slight distance from 
the upper lip ; & from the probability that the Nesatio surfaces may 
have been touched and closed before they burst at all. 
On the other hand, an insect attracted to the flower for the honey 
together no doubt facilitate this, as they do 
the stamens from separating. The large size of the stigmatic surface 
* Sprengel’s“‘ Anleitung zur 
+ See A. W. Beans oe 
Kenntniss der Gewiichse.” i. re 2g 3 
’s paper in Journ, Linn, Soc., vol. afce. 26. 
