104 PSEUDOCARPS. 
‘ fruit. As the ceclum may consist of many parts, either separate 
or combined—that is, may be apecarpous or syncarpous—it follows that 
en the gyncecium is syncarpous only one fruit can be formed by 
one flower, while in apocarpous gynecia there may be one or many 
fruits produced. 
er fertilisation not only does the gynccium become changed, 
but other parts become modified which often do not even belong to 
the flower. When a fruit-like structure is thus produced by changes 
outside the gyncecium of one flower, a pseudocarp is formed. As 
examples we may therefore take the so-called polygynecial fruits, 
which by our definition must be excluded from true fruits ; and others 
such as the strawberry, apple, &c. The strawberry is a pseudocarp, 
ocarp arrhodun 
hollow receptacle modified and enlarged, with achenes. The pome is 
natural group 
pseudocarps, the fruits being small and dry; in the one the perianth 
oming succulent, while in the other we have a hollow axis of 
ce. 
In the Archisperms the fruit is a nut, a dry indchiscent fruit, the 
hard pericarp consisting of two carpels. As fruits the cone and 
e 
€ thus a pseudocarp formed of thr t 
‘ease the pee i rae ed 0 ee nuts and three succulen 
one to the other; and as in the Metasperms (¢.9., the Rosacew) we see 
the close relationship of achene and drupe, so in the Archi ee we 
have the achene or nut of the yew contrasted with the drupe of 
Salisburia with the succulent exterior and ligneous inner part of the 
pericarp. 
Having pointed out the relation of the drupe { it may 
be as well to state that there se patie here athe 
achene and the follicle, 
tapsule up to the berry. 
