284 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
Two long chapters = and v.) are aa to a description of 
the mutation phenom in CG. Lamarckiana and other species, 
and a full account is ek on fehaptes vi.) of the cytological 
mutations, either secticagnaeersdes or chemical in cha 
only instances known in which a visible alteration in cell-structure 
has taken place are ‘onc which involve a change in the size of a 
cell as a whole or in the chromosomes of the nucleus. It is these 
nuclear changes which have been a special object of Dr. Gates’s 
study, and to him we owe the gee aig of their important 
bearing on the study of mutatio 
In his final chapter on the seeps significance of muta- 
tions the author severely criticizes the ‘loss of factor’ view 
adopted by Professor inlay which he describes as embodying 
a conception of evolution as crude and elementary in its way as 
was the emboitement abies of embryology developed by Bonnet 
in the eighteenth century. 
Enough has been said to show that Dr. Gates’s book is full of 
interest to the biologist or botanist, and it remains to add that 
there is an excellent bibliography, and that the volume is remark- 
ably clearly printed and otherwise produced in the manner which 
we associate with Messrs. Macmillan’s handbooks. ABR 
The Ascomycetes of Ohio. —1. Preliminary /emmence: of 
Cl ramen By Broce Finx.—2. The Collem y 
B. Fink and C. AupREY iceradion: The Ohio State Gainer: 
sity Bulletin. Vol. xix. No. 28. Pp. 70. 6plates. 50 cents. 
E first contribution begins, ‘ All classifications of Ascomy- 
cetes Hisherbe followed have been highly a rtificial, nor are the 
Furth 
nag for a cae oe at hand.” Further, “Had it 
t been for clin to erroneous tradition, the researches 
pas sates to above ane others like tite would have convinced all 
botanists that the lichen is a fun living in some peculiar 
relation with an alga.’”’ The researches m the well- 
known ones on growing lichens in pure culture, researches whi 
have convinced botanists that re is § culiar relation 
fungi are classed together, as many have previously suggested, on 
the plea that lichens are a a ee class: but on this 
ae what becomes of the fungi? The writer quotes the 
ell-known cases of transition forms between fungi and alge, 
hypothesis m any other, if the lichens be considered of 
paly physi ein. as all evidence leads us to hold. The cases of 
