814 EXTRACTS AND NOTICES. 
hen with regard to yellow, M. Flahaut observes that ‘‘a solid 
insoluble pigment, the wanthine of Frémy and Cloéz, is in the first 
place to be distinguished from all the snes colouring: matters, 
aaa which are acted on very readily by reagents, and which are 
usually formed only in the — cells.” This xanthine Frémy 
cation of chlorophyll.” The plants in which he found this 
substance are all early-flowering spring plants. The colours which 
pre-eminently distinguish our summer and autumn flora, the reds, 
pinks, blues, and some yellows (not due to xanthine, but to a 
soluble wort cme are mashed: by the presence of substances 
which require both a strong light and a high temperature for their 
pehaiien and Batalin ra shown this to be especially the case 
with the red colouring substance. The difference between the 
Pp colours of the spring flowers in England and in 
Switzerland is due to the same cause. Owing partly to the spring 
consequent greater elevation of the sun, partly to the clearer air of 
a high altitude, the light which opens the earliest spring flowers is 
much stronger in Switzerland than in England. 
acne eae violet) THE REPORT FOR 1880 OF THE BOTANICAL 
GE CLUB OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 
atid BY Mr. James Grovzs]. 
Caltha palustris, L., var. Guerangerii.—Marshes near Bramber, 
W. Sussex, 18th May, 1880.._W. H. Beeby. I believe the true 
ry it is one not familiar to me.—C. C. Babington 
ium cicutarium, L’Herit., var.—Flowers pale pink, 43-5 
lines limon, petals without any = beak of fruit only 4-3 in. 
long when fully grown, ets more deeply cut, with smaller 
segments than usual (near Iypiuilatee Ay simple linear-lanceolate 
divisions). Coast sand- hills, north of Deal, September, 1880.—J. 
G. Baker. i believe E. pilosum, Bor.—C. C. Babin 
Rubus ern Bab.—Woodloes, Warwickshire. reat’ L. Baker 
and H. B ich. This is the very curious and interesting tan 
which Mr. Beohitrist sent last year. It is the plant referred to 
in my last published notes. It must be joined to Ideus.—C. C. 
Babington. 
R. fissus, “ore (Bab. satan Burn of Quoys, Hoy, Orkney, 
August, 1880.—J. T. Boswell 
Rt. imbricatus, Hort. suGrént Doward, pocorn October 
—Augustin Ley. This is very near indeed to the original 
imbricatus, if not identical with it.—C. C. Babington 
R. donbe icatus, Hort ee 8. hs September, pecs 
Professor Babington writes :—*‘* Your mbricatus is very 
indeed to the original plant. I think that there can be no do oubt 
of their specific identity.” It is one of our commonest brambles at 
Trusham.—W. Moyle Rogers. 
