ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MADAGASCAR, 865 
sean and L. clavatum. Asplenium Mannii reappears in the 
ameroons and ie mbesi-land. The ae Madagascar violet 
(Fe onda, Tula asne, = V. emirnensis, Bojer, = V. abyssinica, Steud.) 
only occurs yes re at 7000 feet <n sea- Jevel in the Cameroons, 
at 10,000 feet above sea-level at Fernando Po and amongst the 
mountains of Abyssinia. The only Madagascar Geranium (G. emir- 
nense, Bojer, = G. compar, » - = G. simense, latistipulatum and 
frigidum, Hochst.) has a precisely similar range of oe 
The only Madagascar bone (D. madagascari 
mentacea, Burchell) reappears at the Cape, and amongst — moun- 
tains of Angola and Guinea. <dygauria salicifolia is common to the 
mountains of Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon and the Cameroons ; 
and has lately been found by Mr. Thomson on the high plateaux 
round Lake Nyassa. Caucalis melanantha occurs only in Central 
rams eo at an elevation of 9000 feet in Abyssinia, of 70 000 
feet in the ee and of 7000 feet in yaa ando Po. Sanicula 
cup occurs in Central Madagascar, the mountains of Abyssinia, 
gascar flora :— 
ora of the tropical zone throughout the world is 
remarkably homogeneous in its general character, and to this 
general rule Madagascar furnishes no marked exception. There is 
no well-marked plant type largely developed in the island which is 
not 9 elsewhere, and none absent that one might, a priori, 
e 
one About one in nine of the genera are endemic, but they ar 
all small genera, mostly belonging to the large natural orders, sl 
eliiais allied to cosmopolitan generic types. 
There is a close affinity between the ae eae i sea 
gascar 0 that of the smaller islands of the Mas 
e is a close affinity between the Pomcaey fore: of " Mada- 
that of the African continent. 
gnsar and re are a few curious cases in which Asiatic types which 
do not occur in pr are met with in Madagascar, but these bear 
erical proportion to the great mass of the flora. 
ere is a distinct affinity between the flora of the 
country of Central Madagascar and those of the Cape and the 
mountain-ranges of Central Africa. 
