lONOLAlMA FRONTALIS, i«„,, 



Emerald-fronted Humming'-Bird. 



Idnolaima fviyntalis, Lawr. in Ann, Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. vi. p. 263. 



When I first received this fine bird from Mr. Lawrence of New York, a question arose in my mind as to 

 whether it were not the /. Schreibersi in a more fully adult state of plumage than I had yet seen ; I was the 

 more inclined to think this might be the case from the circumstance of one of Mr, Lawrence's specimens, 

 which is evidently immature, being so like the /. Schreibersi that it is difficult to say to which species the 

 individual pertains. The differences between the L frontalis and /. Schreibersi are these : — the bill is shorter 

 and stralghter in the former than in the latter ; the green mark on the face is much brighter and better 

 defined ; the throat and ear-coverts are black and without a trace of the buff stripe seen in the /. Schreibersi ; 

 the tail is rather longer and somewhat more forked, and the under tail-coverts are steely black^instead of 

 dark green. I may add, that all the specimens of/. Schreibersi contained in the public museums of Vienna, 

 Paris, and London, as well as those in the private collections of Paris and in my own, are similar to the 

 bird figured by me as /. Schreibersi, which tends to prove that these exhibit the adult state of that species, 

 and consequently that Mr. Lawrence is right in considering his bird as distinct ; and it gives me great 

 pleasure to figure so splendid a bird under the name assigned to it by so valued a friend to myself 

 and to seience as Mr. Lawrence. 



The following is Mr. Lawrence's description and account of this species, which I give in his own 

 words : — 



"On the forehead, immediately adjoining the bill, is a diamond-shaped spot of bright metallic green; 

 upper plumage and wing-coverts dark green, grass-green on the head, but with a golden shade on the back; 

 upper tail-coverts dark green ; tail deep steel-blue, extreme tips of the two central feathers green ; wings 

 purplish brown, outer edge of first primary chestnut; chin, cheeks, and upper part of throat black; 

 ear-coverts bronzed green; on the throat is a gorget (rather circular in form) of shining violet-purple; 

 adjoining this, and occupying the upper part of the breast, is a band of metallic green, of the same shade as 

 the frontal spot; sides dark green, similar in colour to the back; lower part of the breast and abdomen of 

 the same deep black as the throat ; under tail-coverts steel-blue ; bill black ; feet brownish black. 



" In one specimen, not fully mature, the frontal spot is wanting, and the bright feathers on the throat are 

 only partially developed ; there is a line of bright rufous feathers running from the bill under the eye ; in 

 all other respects precisely like the adult. 



" Length 5| inches ; bill i ; wing 3 ; tail 2f . 



*' Habitat. Ecuador. 



'* This makes the second species of this genus, and is even a handsomer bird than Schreibersi, which it 

 much resembles ; it is, however, larger, and differs in having an emerald spot on the forehead ; in the 

 adidt being destitute of a buff line on the sides of the head; in having the centre of the abdomen black, 

 and the tail more deeply forked, the outer feathers being over an inch longer than the middle ones, whereas 

 in Schreibersi the difference is but half an inch. The latter bird differs also in having the central taiU 



feathers green. 



*'The above-described Humming-bird forms part of the collection (now in my possession) made by 

 Mr. Wm. E. Moore in his recent travels in South America. The subjoined extract fi'om one of his letters 

 will give the locality where they were obtained : — 



" ' The Humming-birds I gave you were all collected between the head-waters of the Napo and Quito ; this 

 journey was performed on foot, 300 miles through a dense forest, at the base of the Bolivian Andes.' " 



The figure is of the size of life. The plant is the Gallandria Dewniam. 



