PETASOPHORA SERRIROSTRIS. 



Brazilian Violet-Ear. 



Trochilus serrirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 2nd edit. torn. vii. p. 359. — lb. Ency. 



Meth. Orn., Part ii. p. 561. — lb. Ois. dor., torn. iii. pi. i. med. 



janthinotus, Natt. 



petasophorus, Prins Max. von Wied, Reise nacli Bras., torn. ii. p. 191. — lb. Beitr. iv, 



p. 76.— Temm. PI. Col. 203. fig. 3.— Jard. Nat. Lib. Humming Birds, vol. i. 



p. 120. pi. 13, male ; vol. ii. p. 81. pi. 15, female. 

 Ornismya petasophora, Less. Hist. Nat. des Ois. Mou., p. 37. pi. 1. — lb. Traite d'Orn., p. 284. 



— lb. Man. d'Orn., torn. ii. p. 78. 

 Grypus? Vieilloti, Steph. Cont. of Shaw's Gen. ZooL, vol. xiv. p. 256. 

 Colibri crispus, Spix, Av. Sp. Nov. Bras., torn. i. p. 80. t. lxxxi. fig. 1. 

 Petasophora serrirostris, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd edit. p. 17. — Gould in Proc. of ZooL 



Soc., Part xv. p. 8. — Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Petasophora, sp. 1. 

 Polytmus serrirostris, Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, vol. i. p. 108, Polytmus, sp. 24. 

 Petasophora Goiddi, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av., p. 69, Petasophora, sp. 2? 



The Petasophora serrirostris is, I believe, the sole representative of the form in Brazil, to which country 

 it appears to be strictly confined, but where it seems to be very general from the Amazon to Rio de 

 Janeiro ; in the southern districts, however, it is only a summer visitant, Mr. Reeves informing me that it 

 arrives in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, San Paulo and Bahia in July, and departs again in September; 

 during its short sojourn it is very common, and evinces a special fondness for the orange flowers. Its cry, 

 which is frequently uttered while feeding, is very loud, and resembles the syllables strep-strep. 



The nest, which is rarely met with, is placed in various situations, but very commonly among Cacti; one 

 sent to me by Mr. Reeves is placed in the fork of a small branch, and is composed of some cottony material 

 intermingled with a substance like thistle-down, laced together with cobwebs, vegetable fibres, the husks of 

 seeds, &c. ; it is of a round, cup-shaped form, and contains the usual two white eggs, about half an inch 

 long by nearly three-eighths of an inch in breadth. 



I have remarked that many of the specimens from Bahia are smaller than those from Rio, and very 

 frequently small individuals arrive less brilliantly coloured, and with a considerable amount of white on their 

 outer tail-feathers. I believe some of the French Trochilidists have considered these smaller birds to be a 

 distinct species ; I am not, however, disposed to assent to this opinion until I have had opportunities of 

 more closely investigating the subject; indeed I have some doubts of its propriety, from the circumstance 

 of a similar difference of size being observable in several other species ; my own opinion has hitherto been 

 that these small specimens are females of the first year, and this I still think likely. 



Mr. Reeves states that fully adult females are externally undistinguishable from the males, a fact he had 

 ascertained by removing eggs from the ovaria of specimens which he had considered to be males. 



The snow-white under tail-coverts is a feature by which the P. serrirostris may be distinguished from the 

 whole of its congeners. 



Head, upper surface, wing-coverts, flanks and abdomen dark yellowish green ; ear-coverts rich violet- 

 blue ; wings purplish brown ; tail dark bluish green, crossed near the tip by a broad chalybeate band, beyond 

 which the tips are of a lighter bluish green ; throat and upper part of the breast luminous green, presenting 

 a tessellated appearance, occasioned by the reflexions from the webs throwing a darker hue on the centre 

 of each feather, and producing a sparkling effect ; across the breast a gorget of shining bluish green ; vent 

 and under tail-coverts pure white; bill black; feet blackish brown. 



In the immature birds the colouring is similar, but much less brilliant, and the markings not well defined, 

 besides which a greyish white tint pervades the under surface. In the smaller birds, which I have considered 

 to be young females, the upper surface is more green, the mark on the throat smaller and less brilliant, the 

 tail more blue, the chalybeate band on which is less apparent, and all the feathers, especially the outer one 

 on each side, slightly tipped with whifce, and the lower part of the abdomen, as well as the vent and under 

 tail-coverts, are white. 



The figures are of the natural size; the Cactus is a Brazilian species, with the proper name of which I am 

 unacquainted. 



