GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE SCHOHARIE VALLEY 173 



explained by difference in the character of the water bodies — 

 the northeastern, an embayment from the open sea; the more 

 southern, a long narrow channel — is a problem still unsolved. 

 Studies now in progress of these northern faunas by the state 

 geologist, promise to clear up these obscure points.^ 



In eastern and central Pennsylvania the Stormville shales and 

 sandstones replace the upper part of the Helderberg limestones. 

 They rest on the Stormville limestone, Tvliich represents the 

 Manlius, and in part the Ooeymans, as indicated by the 

 abundance of Sieberella galeata in the upper beds. 

 Between the two, there is a marked break, generally indicated 

 b}' conglomeratic beds at the base of the overlying series. These 

 often become nearly pure quartz conglomerates. On the north 

 branch of the Susquehanna in central Pennsylvania (Grove 

 quarry section), the Stormville limestone ;is succeeded by 4 feet 

 of quartz conglomerate and this by 100 feet of Stormville shales 

 containing a New Scotland fauna. The Stormville limestone 

 here appears to represent the Manlius and lower beds to the 

 base of the Decker Ferry series. We have therefore an overlap 

 of the New Scotland on the Manlius. About 100 miles east of 

 this section, at Stormville, near the Delaware river, the Storm- 

 ville shale 160 feet thick and containing a New Scotland fauna, 

 rests on a calcareous sandstone with quartz pebbles, below w^hich 

 are fragmental beds largely calcareous, but frequently contain- 

 ing quartz pebbles. In some of these beds Sieberella gal- 

 eata abounds, while the limestone below also contains this 

 species in abundance near the top. Here the Stormville lime- 

 stone includes a part of the Ooeymans as well. Farther north- 

 east, near Hainesville N. J., the Stormville sandstone is a thin 

 bed at the top of the Ooeymans. 



In Perry county, Pa., the Tentaculite limestone (Manlius) is 

 overlain by nearly 90 feet of flint shales, the upper 10 feet of 

 which carry New Scotland fossils. Above this lies the Oriskany. 



^ Clarke, John M. Perce. N. Y. State Paleontol. An. Rep't for 1903. 



