D76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The round or ovoid pebbles of the Olean conglomerate which 

 contains no jasper pebbles, it is further believed were not trans- 

 ported along the beach but were brought down from the ancient 

 land masses to the north and east and were rolled over and 

 over and rounded by the stream currents that carried them into 

 the Carbonic sea. The flattened pebbles were beach fashioned, 

 the rounded ones stream made. The total maximum thickness 

 in the Olean-Salamanca region is rarely over 30 feet and probably 

 *iever exceeds 40. 



Much confusion and uncertainty has arisen in the Salamanca 

 region as to the number of conglomerates present beneath what 

 has generally been called the Subolean. This is specially true 

 of that region bordering the valley of the Tunangwant or Tuna. 

 Various correlations, some of which, however, were recognized 

 -as provisional, have been made for the same outcrops, and dif- 

 ferent outcrops of the same conglomerate have often been re- 

 garded as belonging to different horizons. 



The names Salamanca, Panama, Pope Hollow, Wrightsville 

 and even Subolean (?) have all been applied in this region to the 

 same conglomerate some of them being regarded by some as 

 synonyms but the belief being prevalent that two or three 

 conglomerates are present in the Tuna section. Lesley for in- 

 stance, believed there is lowest a Salamanca (Panama?) con- 

 glomerate, above it a Tuna-Pope Hollow-Wrightsville conglomer- 

 ate horizon and above that an Ireland-Subolean ( ?) one. J. F. 

 €arll 2 believes that at least 225 feet above the Salamanca con- 

 glomerate the Tuna occurs and is the equivalent of the Ireland 

 Subolean (?) of Lesley and probably the equivalent of the Pope 

 Hollow-Wrightsville conglomerate found farther west. F. A. 

 Randall 3 recognizes in the Tuna region a lower or Panama and 

 an upper or Pope Hollow conglomerate and thinks it probable 

 that the Salamanca is the equivalent of the Pope Hollow. The 

 lower conglomerate found by Randall northeast of Oarrollton 

 and up Baillett brook and perhaps in a few other neighboring 

 localities is the Wolf creek here locally much thickened as com- 



1 Lesley, J. P. Geol. Sur.Pa. Summary Final Rep't, 2:1531-32. 



2 Carll, J. F. Sec. Geol. Sur. Pa. L: 203-8. 



3 Randall, F. A. Preliminary Report on Geology of Cattaraugus and Chau- 

 tauqua Counties. N. Y. State Geologist An. Rep't. 1893. p. 713-21. 



