988 NEW YORK STATE MUSE'WI 



but smooth slope that is highly characteristic and bears when 

 cleared, as it usually is, a characteristic vegetation. These 

 shales with their characteristic topography and vegetation often 

 aided in tracing the underlying Panama where it was not ex- 

 posed or had even dipped somewhat beneath drainage level. 



Wrightsville conglomerate. The Wrightsville conglomerate 

 can not be identified with the Panama, but lies about 225 feet 

 higher in the section. It seems reasonable to suppose that it 

 is the equivalent of the Venango first sand as is believed by 

 Lesley, though no attempt was made by the writer to trace it 

 to a connection with that sand. 1 



Olean and Subolean conglomerates. The Olean conglomerate 

 is found on Mount Raub near Bradford and occurs on the hilte 

 south of Bradford decreasing gradually in elevation till it is 

 last exposed in the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburg Railway 

 cut just north of Bingham station as an irregularly bedded 

 sandstone. Here it dips under the plateau surface. No exam- 

 ination was made of the region south of the divide where it 

 doubtless reappears. The Olean conglomerate and the She- 

 nango conglomerate and shale are traceable westward across 

 Warren county. All occur on Quaker hill and at Pike's rocks 

 and elsewhere. The Olean appears at Miller's rock but the 

 Shenango seems to have been cut out there just as its equiva- 

 lent, the Knapp formation, has been near the head of Irish 

 brook and elsewhere as previously noted. 



Local pebble beds. During the reconnaissance locally devel- 

 oped pebbly beds usually only a few inches in thickness were 

 found at several points. These thin pebbly beds occupy no 

 definite horizon but apparently may occur anywhere in the 

 Cattaraugus or Oswayo formations. In no case was any one 

 of them found to be persistent or to possess any stratigraphic 

 importance. They were revealed by chance in some unusually 

 good exposure in a railway cutting by the roadside, or along 

 a stream bank and would ordinarily have entirely escaped 

 observation. It is possible that at some point in the region 



*For the opinions of the geologists of the second Pennsylvania survey on the 

 correlations of the various members mentioned in the preceding paragraphs see 

 White, I. C., Report Q 4 , p. 99-116; Carll, J. F., Report I 3 , p. 57-80, I 4 , p. 195-208, 

 d. 304-8 (F. A. Randall); Lesley, J. P., Summary Final Rep't, 2: 1493-1536. 



