1060 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



of steps in the topography, with a steep cliff due to the well de- 

 veloped joint planes, and a gentle slope down the bedding plane. 

 Not infrequently a number of such steps are met with in crossing 

 the outcrop from the Goeymans contact to that of the Becraft 

 above. These may vary in hight from a few feet to 30 or more 

 feet, but generally they range between 10 feet and 20 feet in hight. 

 It is this steplike arrangement which caused Mather to believe 

 in the existence of block faulting [fig. 1, p. 1031]. 



The New Scotland is the boulder formation of the region. 

 Blocks of it are found everywhere scattered over the fields, or 

 piled up in fences. Along the eastern side of the great Oriskany 

 " bottom " on the western half of the mountain, a wall of these 

 blocks occurs, though there is no outcrop nearer than half a mile. 

 Near the middle transverse mountain road, these bottoms are 

 strewn with boulders of New Scotland, which also are abundant 

 on the side of the Esopus hill east of the bottom. These frag- 

 ments might easily mislead one to look for an outcrop of the 

 New Scotland in this locality. 



6 BECRAFT LIMESTONE 



This is a light gray, coarsely crystalline limestone (calcarenite) 

 becoming in places a shell marble. Certain beds, specially near 

 the bottom, are composed of crinoid joints, and the basal por- 

 tion of the calyx of Aspidocrinus scutellif ormis, 

 while near the top shells ofGypidula pseudogaleata 

 locally make up the rock. The fossils, though numerous, are 

 not very rich in variety. The most abundant and characteristic 

 types are Spirifer concinnus, usually small, Gr y p i - 

 dula pseudogaleata, Atrypa reticularis and 

 Uncinulus campbellanus. The following is an anno- 

 tated list of the species found in this rock. 



1 F e n e s t e 1 1 a sp. 



2 Schizophoria multistriata Hall. Not very 

 common. 



3 Leptaena rhomboidalis ( Wilckens) . 



4 Spirifer concinnus Hall. Small individuals with 

 the character of the young of this species are common in the 

 limestone. The sinus of these specimens is angular, and there 



