1178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



waterlimestone which have during the past sixty years or more 

 been mined here for use in cement manufacture. The Vlight- 

 berg, with a length of about % mile and a width of % mile, lies 

 with its longer axis in a northeasterly direction in the city of 

 Rondout between Hasbrouck avenue on the southwest and Dela- 

 ware avenue on the northeast, and constitutes a prominent ridge 

 which separates the southeasterly portion of the city of Kingston 

 into two parts, an eastern part known locally by the old name 

 of Ponekhockie, built on the plain near the river, and a western 

 part, Rondout, occupying the valley south and west of the Vlight- 

 berg. To the northward of the Vlightberg, the ridge is continued 

 through the wooded " North hill," for about 2 miles to the vicinity 

 of East Kingston where it becomes less prominent. At various 

 points throughout its course its eastern face is very steep, as at 

 " steep rocks/' and near Terry's brickyard, and at a point east of 

 Oloonan's quarry, indicated on the map by C, Delaware avenue 

 passes across the ridge through a narrow east and west gap. The 

 southwest end of the Vlightberg terminates in steep cliffs over- 

 looking Hasbrouck avenue, to the southwest of which street the 

 land surface is low and hidden under the buildings of Rondout. 

 The western slopes of the Vlightberg and of the North hill, as we 

 will designate that portion of the ridge tying north of Delaware 

 avenue, while locally steep, are not so high and do not present 

 such precipitous bluffs as are seen on the eastern slopes. All along 

 the western side of the Vlightberg ridge is a valley about y^ mile 

 wide, with its bottom at levels varying from 75 to 200 feet A.T., 

 which separates the Vlightberg ridge from the plain on which 

 the city of Kingston is built. The eastern edge of this plain is 

 formed by the Esopus grit, and the Onondaga limestone is ex- 

 posed on it in a series of low anticlinals forming a belt about 

 % mile wide. The city of Kingston proper lying still farther 

 west is built on the alluvial plain of the Esopus valley, which, 

 with an elevation of about 175 feet, extends from near Stone- 

 ridge, about 8 miles southwest of Kingston, to Mt Marion, 7 

 miles north of the city. This plain is underlain by shales of the 

 Marcellus and Hamilton formations deeply buried beneath allu- 

 vial deposits. 



