214 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



rebellion in another part of the coimtiy raised its head and required the 

 attention of the unfortunate Grovemor. That he was a soldier is shown by 

 many of the patents of appointment, where it was laid down that the grantee 

 should provide twenty men-of-arms, of which he was to be one, and also that 

 he should fight with the E«yal power if necessary against all English rebels 

 and Irish enemies in the said land, and reduce them to peace (see patent of 

 Sir John Sutton, 1428). Even those Governors who were ecclesiastics had to 

 face the enemy in the field. Thomas Cranley, Archbishop of DubUa, marched 

 at the head of his troops at Kilkea, and his successor, Eichard Talbot, in 1419, 

 led the Crown forces against the enemy, in which encounter thirty of the Irish 

 were slaiu. But it was not only in Ireland that he was expected to exhibit 

 his military powei-s. The Kings of England made frequent calls on the 

 Governors to come to their assistance in the numerous wars in which from time 

 to time they were engaged. lu 1254 the Justiciar was desired to come to the 

 King's aid in Grascouy with hoi-ses, arms, and soldiers.^ A writ of 21st October, 

 29 Henry III, ordered payment to be made to the 3,000 foot-soldiei-s from 

 Ireland who attended with the Justiciar in the King's service at Garmok.- 

 John de Gray was summoned to attend the King in the Welsh campaign in 

 1211.^ In 1245 Maurice FitzGerald, Justiciar, was ordered to bring troops 

 against David, son of Llewellyn. In 1 295 John Wogan was commanded to 

 raise 10,000 foot-soldiers, in addition to horsemen, in Ireland, to assist the King 

 in his Scottish wars. In 1322 John de Bermingham, Earl of Louth, was 

 oidered to aid David, Earl of Athol, against the Scots. It must be remembered 

 that the feudal lords in Ireland were not bovmd to supply military aid for 

 expeditions outride Ireland ; and on one occasion, when asked by the King to 

 do so, it was expressly stated that it was not to be taken as a precedent, l^or 

 could militaiy summonses be issued to them to render aid even in Ireland 

 without the assent of the nobles, as the Justiciar found to his cost in 1319, 

 when his order was revoked for that reason. Yet, notwithstanding these 

 hindrances, the Chief Governor often did conduct militaiy levies across the 

 water. 



(b) Judicial. 



When Henry II came to Ireland, he brought in his ti-ain the great lawyer, 

 Eanidf de GlanviL Whether he did so with the idea of having his advice in 

 creating a Constitution for Ireland or no, it is extiemely likely that he was 

 guided by him in framing the form of government for this country. At that 

 time in England the King presided in the Curia. Mcgis, and no doubt such a 



' Irish Close Roll, 38 Hen. m. » Annals of the roui Masters, 1210. 



Lynch's Feudal Dignities, p. 44. 



