48 MAMMALIA. 



single bone of the lower jaw. Each jaw has sixteen teeth; four cutting 

 incisors in the middle, two pointed canines at the corners, and ten tubercu- 

 lated molares, five on each side. At the extremity of the spine of his sca- 

 pula, is a tuberosity called the acromion, to which the clavicle is attached, 

 and over its articulation is a point called the coracoid process with which 

 certain muscles are connected. The radius revolves upon the ulna, owing 

 to the mode of its articulation with the humerus. The carpus has eight 

 bones, four in each range; the tarsus has seven; those of the remaining 

 parts of the hand and foot may be easily counted by the number of fingers 

 and toes. 



Physical and Moral Development of Man. 



Scarcely has the body gained the full period of its growth in height, be- 

 fore it begins to increase in bulk; fat accumulates in the cellular tissue, the 

 different vessels become gradually obstructed, the solids become rigid, and, 

 after a life more or less long, more or less agitated, more or less painful, 

 old age arrives with decrepitude, decay, and death. Man rarely lives be- 

 yond a hundred years, and most of the species, either from disease, acci- 

 dent, or old age, perish long before that term. 



The child needs the assistance of its mother much longer than her milk, 

 from this it obtains an education both moral and physical, and a mutual 

 attachment is created that is fervent and durable. The nearly equal num- 

 ber of the two sexes, the difficulty of supporting more than one wife, when 

 wealth does not supply the want of power, all go to prove that monogamy 

 is the mode of union most natural to our species. From the long period of 

 infantile weakness springs domestic subordination, and the order of society 

 in general, as the young people which compose the new families continue 

 to preserve with their parents those tender relations to which they have 

 so long been accustomed. This disposition to mutual assistance multiplies 

 to an almost unlimited extent those advantages previously derived by insu- 

 lated Man from his intelligence; it has assisted him to tame or repulse other 

 animals, to defend himself from the effects of climate, and thus enabled him 

 to cover the earth with his species. 



In other respects, he appears to possess nothing resembling instinct, no 

 regular habit of industry produced by innate ideas; his knowledge is the 

 result of his sensations and of his observation, or of those of his predecess- 

 ors. Transmitted by speech, increased by meditation, and applied to his 

 necessities and his enjoyments, they have originated all the arts of life. 

 Language and letters, by preserving acquired knowledge, are a source of 

 indefinite perfection to his species. It is thus he has acquired ideas, and 

 made all nature contribute to his wants. 



There are very different degrees of development, however, in Man. 



The first hordes, compelled to live by fishing and hunting, or on wild 

 fruits, and being obliged to devote all their time to search for the means of 

 subsistence, and not being able to multiply greatly, because that would have 



