CAlLiNITE PtPfiS. 



depth of a little more or 

 less than a quarter of an 

 inch. It is believed that 

 these may have served as 

 mortars for preparing 

 paint used in personal de- 



FiG. 27. Broken arrow-smoothener. Left fragment 

 COratiOn. worn after breaking. Reduced to 73. 



CATLINITE PIPES. 



In the collection are four fragments of catlinite pipes 

 (Fig. 28). Three of these were from very finely finished 

 specimens, which, it may be supposed, had been used 

 for some time and then broken by accident. One of 

 them was the elbow of a pipe which had never been 

 finished. Its outer surface showed the coarse scratchings 

 made in grinding it into shape. The polishing was 

 perhaps left until after the drilling of the holes, and in 

 this case the drill went too far to one side so as to 

 break through, thus causing the specimen to be dis- 

 carded. The nature of the ends of the perforations show 

 that the drill was not a hollow reed, but solid and 

 somewhat pointed. One of the fragments was ground 

 on the fractured surfaces and may perhaps have been 

 carried about as a totem. Two small pieces of catlinite 

 appeared to be chips struck off by the workman in 

 roughly shaping the pipes. On a farm southwest of the 

 site of the mounds, several finished and entire pipes 

 have been picked up and also a piece of pipestone about 

 three inches square and one inch in thickness. The 



