32 SCANDINAVIANS AND 



Lud')»ig Kumlien, the son of Thure Kumlien (see under United 

 States, page 25), was born in Wisconsin, and died in 1902. Evi- 

 dently he had inherited from his father the love of natural history. 

 He was, however, more of a zoologist than a botanist, and was 

 especially interested in birds. He was a lield agent of the Smith- 

 sonian for a number of years and collected in Wisconsin and the 

 New England States. He was the naturalist of the Howgate Po- 

 lar Expedition in 1877— '78 to Cumberland Sound. The plants he 

 collected were mostly from Niantilic Harbor, Annanactook, Kik- 

 kerton Island, and from the Island of Disco, Greenland. He pub- 

 lished the report of the expedition, in which the plants were deter- 

 mined by Gray. 



Contribution to the natural history of Arctic America, made in connection 

 with the Howgate Polar Expedition, 1879. 



Frans Reinhotd Kjellman was born on Torso, Vastergotland, 

 Sweden, the 4th of November, 1846, became Ph. D. and do- 

 cent at the University of Upsala in 1872, and professor in 1883. 

 He accompanied Nordenskjold as botanist to Spitzbergen in 

 1872— '73, to Nova Zemlia and Siberia in 1875, and around the 

 world in 1878— '80, during which journey they passed through the 

 Behring Sea and visited Fort Clarence and the St. Laurence Island. 

 He died at Upsala the 22nd of April, 1907. He was a prominent 

 phycologist, and has paid attention especially to the algee of the 

 Arctic regions. Only a few of his works refer, however, to North 

 American botany. 



Fanerogam-floran p3, St. Lawrence-6n, 1883. 

 Om Behring-hafvets algfiora, 1889. 



Om Floride slaktet Galaxuara [Species from Florida, West Indies, Mexico, 

 etc.] 



Algee of the Arctic Sea, 1H83. 



Frnsi Bernhard Almquist was born at Skogs-Tibbe, Upland, 

 Sweden, the lOth of August, 1852, received his M. D. in 1882, and 

 became professor at the Carolinian Institute at Stockholm in 

 1891. He was the physician and lichenologist of the Nordenskjold 

 expedition around Asia in 1878 — '80. 



Per Teodor Cteve was born at Stockholm the lOth of Febru- 

 ary, 1840, received his Ph. D. in 1863, became docent the same 

 year, and professor at Upsala in 1873. He is a prominent chem- 

 ist and geologist, but also a botanist, having paid special atten- 



