36 SCANDINAVIANS AND 



Lisbon; from 1889 to 1892 he was at Quito, 1892—5 at Tromso, 

 Norwaj', and in 1895 became professor at Stockholm. He has 

 specialized in the lower cryptogams, especially the Desmids. The 

 following contributions bear on American Botany. 



Bidrag till Amerikas desmidieflora, 1885. 



Ueber einige Ai-ten aus Cuba, Jamaica und Puerto Elco. [Desmids found in 

 material cijlleeted by Sintens, Swartz, and TViight], 1887. 



Sur un nouveau parasite dangereoux de la Vigne, Ureclo Viahf in Jamaica, 

 1889. 



Mykologische Studien, 1899. 



D. Mexico and Central America. 



Frederik Michael Liebman was born at Helsingor, Denmark, the 

 10th of October, 1813, made journeys in Germany 1835, and in 

 Norway 1836, and became docent at the University of Copen- 

 hagen in 1837. 



In 1810 he started for Mexico in company with Ratbsack, a 

 gardener, and arrived at Vera Cruz in February, 1841. Here he 

 met the Russian botanist Karwinsky, and thej traveled together 

 for some months. He visited several places north of Vera Cruz, 

 as for instance Antiqua, Colima, Misantla and as far north as 

 Papantla. Then he turned south and after having visited several 

 places he stayed for a considerable time at Hacienda Mirador on 

 the eastern slope of Mount Orizaba. This mountain he climbed 

 in company' with the German botanist Ghiesbrecht. Then he 

 visited Tehuacan and returned to Mirador. Rathsack returned 

 to Denmark in 1842 with numerous boxes of herbarium speci- 

 mens, samples of woods, fruits, seeds and living plants. Liebman 

 himself undertook a journey southward, visiting the city of Ori- 

 zaba, Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, etc, climbed the peaks of Zempoaltepec 

 and El Pelado, visited among other places, S.an Pedro Alto, Hua- 

 mamelula and even Tehuantepec, and on his return again Oaxaca 

 and Mirador. 



On the home journey from A^era Cruz, he stopped two or three 

 weeks in Cuba. He died the 29th of October, 1856, as professor 

 at the University of Copenhagen. 



Liebman did not have time before his death to publish much 

 from the results of these collections. Most of this fell on the 

 shoulders of Orsted. Still the following important contributions 

 are from Liebman's hands. 



