BLUBSrONB AND OTHER SANDSTONES 21 



time, 350 to 400 men being employed at different points. The 

 whole ledge is owned by the Ulster bluestone co. at Maiden, to 

 which all the stone is sold. The lifts are very thick, and 

 the chief product is rock and edge stone. The dip of the 

 bed is to the south and west. The water from springs and rains 

 is concentrated at the lower end of the opening, where it is han- 

 dled by steam pumps installed and operated by the Ulster blue- 

 stone CO. Each quarryman is charged 5^ of the value of the 

 stone quarried, in addition, to the rental, for the operation of 

 these pumps. 



The bed of stone is fine grained and of good blue color, and 

 reedy. The top lifts are grayer and harder than the bottom 

 lifts. The bed averages 13 to 14 feet thick, 8 feet of which are 

 really good workable stone. The top consists of clay rock and 

 shale of varying thickness, the average being 20 feet. The lifts 

 vary from 6 inches to 6 feet in thickness. The top lifts are 

 worked into edge stone, the lower lifts being sold as rock. 



Each firm has either a hand or horse power derrick. Some of 

 the derricks are not owned by the firms, who pay a rental for 

 their use of 5^ of the value of the stone produced. 18^ of the 

 load value is charged for cartage to Maiden. 



The different firms working the ledge from north to south 

 and the men employed are given. All are of Quarryville. 



Rightmeyer, Bovee & Craft. Three men the year round. 



K. Foley. Four men 10 months in the year. 



John O'Rourke. Four men nine months in the year. 



Hollenbeck & Miller. Four men in summer and two men in 

 winter. 



Mack & Kraft. Four men in summer and two men in winter. 



C. E. Cook. Three to four men nine months in the year. 



Cook & Schoonmaker. Four to five men nine months in the 

 year. 



Just east of the main Quarryville ledge and below it another 

 ledge has been opened. 



Michael O'Rourke, Quarryville. This is the first ledge west of 

 the Hudson river that has been opened. The bed of stone rs 7 

 feet thick, with 2 feet of rock, 7^ feet of shale and 2 to 3 feet of 



