REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9OO 965 



outbreak was reported. It is quite possible that the spraying could have 

 been done more thoroughly in the above cited instance, but the following 

 can hardly be explained away so easily- E. L. Mitchell, Clarkesville 

 (N. Y.) sprayed his trees as follows: before the buds opened with poi- 

 soned bordeaux mixture, using one pound of paris green to 100 gallons. 

 This was followed by a spraying just before blossoming, again after the 

 petals had fallen and then after the fruit had attained some size. Arsen- 

 ate of lead and bordeaux mixture was used in the later sprayings. This 

 treatment killed both the apple and forest tent-caterpillars (the latter 

 were abundant in that section) but not the palmer worms. It is very 

 probable that many of the last-named were killed by the above applica- 

 tions, and that those which escaped were either feeding in the fruit or in 

 the folded leaves ; in either of these cases it would be practically impos- 

 sible to poison them. 



Remedies. In spite of the evidence above detailed, this pest should 

 yield to thorough spraying with an arsenical preparation. This will be 

 most effective if applied early in June. The presence of this insect is 

 another reason why arsenate of lead should be used more freely. We 

 should expect the poison from earlier sprayings to remain on the leaves 

 in considerable quantities ready for these later feeders. 



Dr Fitch mentions the use of a whale oil soap solution. A liberal and 

 thorough apphcation of this substance would undoubtedly kill many of 

 these and other pests and would also be of some benefit to the trees on 

 ccount of its fertilizing properties. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Bruner, Lawrence. lusect enemies of the apple tree and its fruit. Neb. 

 state hort. soc. Kep't. 1895. p. 159 (listed) ; 1899. p. 126 (listed). 



Burnett, W. I. Bost. soc. nat. hist. Proc. 1854, 4 : 347-49 (early ravages). 



Chambers, V. T. Micro-Lepidoptera. Can. ent. 1872. 4: 222 (described 

 as Y. r.eedella, also as Y. quercipominella); Index to the described 

 Tiueina of the Uuited States aod Canada. U. S. geol. and geog, sur. of the 

 territories, Bui. 1878. 4 : 166 (listed also as Y. c o n t u b e r n a I e 1 1 n s , as Y. 

 r u d e r e 11 a , and as Y. q u e r c i p o m n e 1 1 a ou p. 167) . 



Clemens, Brackenridge. American Micro-Lepidoptera. Ent. soc. Phihi. 

 Proc. 1864. 2:123 (described as Y. paucigutt ellu s ) ; same in Tineiua of 

 North America. 1872. p. 228-29; North American Micro-Lepidoptera. Ent. 

 soc. Phila. Proc. 1864. 2:429 (described as Y. f la vi vi telliis ) ; same in 

 Tineina of North America. 1872. p. 254. 



Emmons, Ebenezer. Natural history of New York. Agriculture. 1854. 5: 

 254 (quotes Fitch, as C h a e t o c h i 1 u s p o m e t e 1 1 u s ). 



