CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE PHILIP- 

 PINE ISLANDS: IV. THE COUNTRY BETWEEN SUBIG 

 AND MOUNT PINATUBO. 



By Warben D. Smith. 

 {From the Division of Mines, Bureau of Science.) 



A practice march from Olongapo, United States naval station, to 

 Mount Pinatubo, Zambales Province, was made in the montli of April, 

 1907, by a batallion of the United States Marine Corps, under the com- 

 mand of Major E. K. Cole. The botanical notes referred to in this paper 

 are contributed by F. W. Poxworthy, of the Bureau of Science, who ac- 

 companied the expedition; the sketch route map is by Sergeant Stockel 

 and myself; the jjliotographs were taken by me. Our thanks are due 

 to Major Cole, United States Marine Corps, and to Dr. Jos. H. Thomp- 

 son, assistant surgeon United States Navy, for the assistance they 

 rendered and for the many courtesies they showed us. 



The time consumed in making the trip from Olongapo to Pinatubo 

 and return, a distance of approximately 200 kilometers, was one week; 

 the average marching rate was therefore about 28 kilometers a day. 

 As 20 kilometers a day is the usual rate with full equipment in the 

 Tropics, it was not possible to make a very thorough examination of 

 the country. 



Subig Bay, our starting point, is one of the most beautiful in the 

 Archipelago, large enough to shelter several battleship fleets as well as 

 all the commercial vessels that visit Manila. The bay is very irregular 

 in outline and has several islands scattered here and there. Its beauty 

 is further enhanced by a girdle of hills, some of which are quite worthy 

 of the name of mountains. Some of these are heavily wooded, while 

 others are rounded and bare, thus giving a clue to the underlying rocks. 

 The former are usually of limestone, shale, or andesite formation, the 

 latter of serpentine or pj-roxenite. Both the formation and the topog- 

 raphy of the Cinco Pieos range are remarkably similar to much of the 

 California coast range. A thorough examination of this region will no 

 doubt bring to light a host of minerals we have not yet found, but the 

 presence of which we are led to suspect from the paragenesis of minerals. 



We began the march proper from Subig at the head of the bay. The 



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