FILIPINO EARS— A CLASSIFICATION OF EAR TYPES. 



By Robert Bennett Bean. 

 {From the Anatomical Lahoratory, Philippine Medical School, Manila, P. I.) 



INTRODUCTION". 



The cosmopolitan population of Manila aifords abundant material for 

 the study of ears of all kinds. Here, if anywhere in the world, all 

 races and many types of mankind are represented ; the white, the yellow, 

 the red, the brown, and the black. I had previously observed ears in 

 America and Europe for several years, and since my arrival in the 

 Philippines, on June 29, 1907, have given particular attention to the 

 ears of the Filipinos and the other inhabitants of these Islands. The 

 material for this study was gathered by close inspection, sketches of 

 dwellers in the suburbs of Manila as well as the city proper, of the 

 Assembly, and notes made from these data and from a consideration 

 of other collections of Filipinos. I have also included a study of the 

 prisoners at Bilibid, the penitentiary of the Islands. 



GENERAL TYPES. 



Previous obseiwations lead me to select the long ear with pendant 

 lobule; the small, round, flaring ear, and the large, oval ear with shelf 

 instead of lobule (three European types) as a basis for the classification 

 of Filipino ears. Ears without lobules constitute a fourth group, and 

 others that do not resemble any of the four have been added. After 

 these five groups of ears have been distinguished, every individual is 

 noted that can be observed carefully enough to be sure of the ear type. 

 Only males are considered, although a few female Filipinos (more than 

 100) are also classified. The first 924 individuals are assigned to the 

 groups just given. 



Ears of adult male Filipinos. 



Long 345 



Oval, shelf, no lobule 86 



Round, flaring 84 



No lobule 122 



Others 207 



Total 942 



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