FILIPINO EARS. 49 



four are the Malay, iSTegroid, Cro-Magnon, and a type similar to the 

 odd type previously described. This odd tyjoe impressed itself on the 

 Filipino ear to a large extent by the absence of lobule, the horizontal 

 superior border to the helix, and the flare of the ear, but the type itself 

 is extremely rare. The following scheme seems plausible: This odd 

 form, represented in the earliest inhabitants of the Islands, was superseded 

 by the Cro-Magnon type and later in conjunction with another primitive 

 European type, the early Iberian mingled with the ISTegrito and peopled 

 the Islands to some extent. Still later another infusion of fused 

 Europeans (Iberian, Alpine, B. B. B.) and Kegritos came into the 

 Islands, and these mingling types produced the Bilibid prisoner. In 

 more recent times the modern European has impressed the Filipino, 

 especially in the vicinity of Manila, and produced the pedestrians and 

 riders. According to my scheme for heredity ^ the three groups of Fili- 

 pinos, riders, pedestrians, and Bilibid prisoners, represent three succes- 

 sive stages in the blending of the European and the Filipino. The 

 riders are in the stage of beginning blending, where the pure types 

 persist; the pedestrians are in a stage farther advanced although a few 

 pure types still appear; and the Bilibid prisoners are in the stage of a 

 variable blend with all shades of intervening variations between the 

 types, but no pure tyjpes. 



The Indians are in a stage close to that of the riders where the blend 

 is progressing, but the pure types persist, whereas the Chinese are more 

 advanced than are the Bilibid prisoners toward a complete blend, with a 

 much larger proportion of European than any of the Filipino groups, 

 and probably more than the Indians; but the Chinese are composed of 

 European types some of which are different from those that have blended 

 in the Indian and Filipino. 



If similarity of ear form indicates the degree of relationship, then on 

 the one hand the Malay type is related to the Negroid, which is related 

 to the Alpine, which is related to the Igorot, which is related to the 

 B. B. B. ; and on the other hand, the Malay is related to the Iberian a, 

 which is related to the Iberian h, which is related to the Cro-Magnon, 

 which is related to the Sub-lSTorthern, which is related to the ISTorthern. 

 These relationships may indicate the relative order of the types in evolu- 

 tion, or what is more probable, the degree of intimacy or time of contact 

 of the types, hence the amount of blending. The types "on the one 

 hand" are different from the types "on the other hand." 



The ear types, Malay, Negroid, Cro-Magnon, etc., may not be charac- 

 teristic of the Malay, Negro, and Cro-Magnon man, etc., but all the types 

 portrayed in this paper are definite types of ears and they are found on 

 definite physical types of men. 



^ This Journal, Sec. A. (1908), 3, 215. 

 81630 4 



