PHILIPPINE TEKPENES AND ESSENTIAL OILS, III. 121 



Titration with potassium permanganate showed that 4.2 atoms of oxygen to 

 one molecule of acid were used in oxidation. The zinc salt was prepared by 

 adding a zinc chloride solution to the solution of the sodium salt. It is in- 

 soluble in all solvents. At first this salt precipitates as a gummy mass, which, 

 -however, on standing for twenty-four hours in the ice box becomes crystalline. 



1.3290 grams substance gave 0.2110 gram ZnO. 



Calculated for 





(C,iH2:,0«).,Zn 



Found 



(per cent). 



(per cent) 



12.74 



12.70 



Zn 



The zinc salt melts at a comparatively low temperature with decomposition 

 to a brown liquid and burns very easily in the air. The lead, copper, silver, and 

 calcium salts are all amorphous precipitates, insoluble in hot water or in 

 alcohol. 



The nevjtral oils, were separated into the following three fractions by distilla' 

 tion at 12 to 15 millimeters. 



(1) 



Fraction 

 (degrees). 



125-133 





Uranis. 

 17 



(2) 



137-140 





25 



(3) 



140-145 





22 



Eesi 



due (semi 



■solid tar) 



17 



Fraction No. 1 had no vetiver odor and to judge from its properties 

 is probably a sesquiterpene, identical with the vetivene of Genvresse and 

 Langlois. Fractions (2) and (3) and especially the tarry residue, still 

 had a persistent vetiver odor and the first two in their properties cor- 

 respond to sesquiterpene alcohols. I expect to make more exhaustive 

 studies on the composition and especially on the best methods of culti- 

 vating, storing, and distilling vetiver when more material is available. 

 I consider it doubtful whether the odor of this oil is due to an ester. 

 It is always noted that the odor becomes more marked when a little of 

 the oil is placed in water, and saponified vetiver oils and resinous 

 residues always have this same strong vetiver odor when placed in water. 

 The native practices of both India and the Philippines of wetting the 

 roots to make them exhale their odor are probably due to this fact. 



BALAO EESIK. 



Balao, panao, or apitong, is a soft, semi-solid resin coming from 

 Dipterocarpus vernicifluus Blanco and D. grandiflorus Blanco. Clover has 

 already made a preliminary report on this resin from this laboratory. 

 The further studies on this subject are given below. The principal 

 present use of balao is in the varnishing and caulking of native boats. 

 The ialao thus used gives a very brilliant, tough and durable coat and 

 would seem to have properties tbat would make its general use for 

 varnish manufacture desirable. The tree is rather widespread and in 

 many localities quite abundant in the Philippines. 



I am informed by Doctor "Wliitford and Mr. Curran, of the Bureau 

 of Forestry, that there is no question but that very large quantities of 



