124 BACON. 



(0) A sample of a very liquid balao was obtained and the solid constituents 

 were separated from it by using a coarse, muslin cloth for a filter. A thick, 

 viscous oil was obtained having approximately the consistency of castor oil. It 



had the following constants: N-3i'° = 1.5120; A??° = + 33M; acid niimber=20.8; 



D D 



saponification nmnber=23.C. 



This oil, treated with concentrated sulphuric acid, gives a brillant scarlet-red 

 color. It is but partially soluble in a glacial acetic acid, and if a drop of concen- 

 trated svilphuric acid is added to this solution, a red color is obtained which in the 

 course of a few minutes becomes darker and changes into an intense purple. With 

 a drop of concentrated nitric acid, the oil only gradually gives this deep purple 

 color, the acid beneath the oil being red. 



(7) The product of five trees was caught in small bo.xes cut in the trees, 

 similar to those used in the turpentine industry of the southern United States. 

 This was done during four days and the total gathered amounted to 1,02.5 grams 

 with an acid number of 13.4 and a saponification number of 20.9. This resin, was 

 white and of the usual consistency. It was thoroughly mixed and 50 grams 

 heated from 200° to 220° in a metal bath with a reflux condenser for four hours. 

 At first there was violent foaming, which soon ceased. The product was very 

 liquid on removing from the hot bath, but on cooling changed to about the same 

 consistency as that of the unheated resin. The hardening noted in other experi- 

 ments when heat was employed was probably due to the removal of water. The 

 solubility of this fresh resin in various solvents is about the same as that 

 of the older, commercial resins. TTie product of one tree (40 centimeters in 

 diameter) for five days (320 grams) was also collected. This was an exceedingly 

 fluid resin which gathered in a very liquid state in longitudinal cracks in the 

 heart of the tree. An attempt was made to centrifugate the solid particles from 

 this resin, but there were evidently not suflicient differences in specific gravities 

 to make this operation a success. 



(8) The destructive distillation of balao resin. — Five hundred grams halao resin 

 were distilled from a 1.5 liter Jena flask, a metal bath being used in the first part of 

 the operation. There was slight foaming in the beginning, but after one-half hour, 

 during which time the temperature of the metal bath had risen to 200°, the 

 mass became very thick and gelatinous. Twenty grams of water and 5 grams of 

 oil had distilled. It was now necessary to use a free flame. The whole mass 

 melted, a considerable quantity of water was given off, and a fraction of oil 

 (155 grams) boiling at 253° was obtained, the thermometer remaining practically 

 constant. The next fraction (50 grams) came over very slowly, the thermometer 

 registering 253° to 255°. The temperature of the vapor then began to fall and 

 decomposition set in, as was evidenced by the blue color of the distillate, and the 

 marked darkening of the resin in the flask, by gas evolution, etc. There were 

 obtained 120 grams of a green oil, at a moderate heat, during the next two hours, 

 the thermometer in the vapor showing a temperature of 220° to 230°. The heat 

 was now markedly increased, a 7-inch Bunsen flame playing directly on the 

 flask, and 110 grams of a greenish-brown oil distilled at 290° at 310°. Thirty 

 grams of a black, solid tar remained in the flask. The total time of distillation 

 was four hours. Tlie amount of gas given off during the destructive distillation 

 of balao resin is very small. 



All fractions were redistilled as follows: 



(a) ITie fractions obtained up to the time of decomposition were imited, dried 

 with calcium chloride, and distilled in vacuo, the boiling point being 128° to 131° 

 at 13 millimeters' pressure, the greater part passing over at 129° and leaving a 

 residue in the distilling flask of 12 grams, which was added to the fraction below. 

 This is termed fraction number 1. 



