232 EDITORIAL. 



A sample of the crude turpentine collected under the above conditions 

 was submitted for an examination and for an opinion as to its commercial 

 value. It had much the appearance and consistency of crystallized honey 

 and possessed a mild, pleasant odor. 1,961.5 grams were subjected to 

 steam distillation as received without any previous filtering for the removal 

 of an appreciable quantity of foreign matter in the form of chips, bark, etc. 

 Exhaustive distillation gave 412.3 grams (23.4 per cent) of oil of turpen- 

 tine which was water-white in color and after drying over calcium chloride 



30° 

 it possessed the following constants: Specific gravity, ^^^^ =0.859.3; 



30° 30° 



N-j;-=1.4656; A^=— =-|-26.5. Ninety-six per cent distilled between 



154° and 165°.5 C. 



The residue from the steam distillation, amounting to 76.6 per cent 

 of the original resin by difference, was freed from approximately 15 

 grams of foreign material by hot filtration. It consisted of prime colo- 

 phony of a clear, pale amber color. 



George P. RiciiMOND. 



INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL AND ITS POSSIBILITY AS A SOURCE 

 OF POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES. 



Alcohol can be used as a motor fuel for all purposes for which gas- 

 oline is at present eruployed. Exhaustive tests made by the United 

 States Government ^ have demonstrated that any gasoline or kerosene 

 engine of ordinary type can with proper manipulation operate with 

 alcohol without material change in its construction. The engine will 

 give slightly more power (about 10 per cent) when alcohol is used but 

 this increase is at the expense of greater consumption of fuel. Experi- 

 ments of the United States Geological Survey - have shown that when 

 denatured alcohol is employed the lowest fuel consumption is obtained 

 with the highest practical degree of compression (11.6 to 13.7 kilograms 

 per square centimeter), but since the vaporization temperature of alcohol 

 is higher than that of gasoline a modified combustion chamber and car- 

 buretor is to be preferred. Some gasoline engines are not sufficiently 

 heavy to stand the desired high explosion pressure when alcohol is used 

 and therefore a machine especially designed for alcohol is preferable to 

 one planned to operate with gasoline or kerosene. 



The United States Geological Survey made a series of over 2,000 in- 

 dividual tests, comparing gasoline of about 0.699 specific gravity (73° 

 Baume) and commercial fully denatured alcohol." Tests which corre- 



iLueke, C. E. and Woodward, S. M. : Farm. Bull. V. S. Dept. Agr. (1907), 

 277; Holmes, J. A.: Eng. News (1908), 59, 424. 

 -Holmes, J. A.: Ihid; C. A. (1908), 2, 2147. 

 "Holmes, J. A.: Ibid. 



