238 VILLAVEUDi:. 



It is worthy of more than passing note that the suggestions made 

 by Fr. A'illaveide relative to the means which might be employed to 

 civilize the Ifugaos were of a highly practical and most sensible nature, 

 and that many of them were directly in line with the policy looking 

 to this end which has since been so successfully cari'ied out. 



Captain L. E. Case, of tlie I'hilipjjines Constabulary, was stationed 

 in the Ifugao country for a period of four years, having his head- 

 quarters at Banaue during the greater part of this period. I have 

 submitted the translation of Fr. Villaverde's article to him for com- 

 ment, and his observations thereon, as well as a few of my own, have 

 been added in the form of footnotes. 



Since the American occupation, work for the civilizing of the Ifugaos 

 has progressed with a rapidity which is remarkable, considering the 

 difficulties to be overcome. It is believed that there are fully 101,000 

 of these naturally wild and war-like people, and they occupy one of the 

 most inaccessible and rugged mountain regions in the entire Philippine 

 Archipelago. Captain Case was himself remarkably fortunate in win- 

 ning their good-will ^nd respect, and gave a very strong impulse to 

 the work looking for their betterment, llis successor, Lieutenant Jeff. 

 D. Gallman, of the Philippines Constabulary, has been extraordinarily 

 successful in forwarding the work thus auspiciously begun, and in 

 recognition of his very valuable services has recently been appointed 

 lieutenant-governor of the subprovince of Ifugao which has now been 

 segregated from Nneva Vizcaya and added to the recently established 

 Mountain Province. 



Within the past few years an extensive system of trails has made the 

 territory occupied by the Ifugaos comparatively accessible, and the 

 friendliest relations have been established with them. At this time 

 (May 14, 1909) there has not been a human head taken in the entire 

 subprovinee of Ifugao for a year and a half. 



With two exceptions the pliotographs with which this article is 

 illustrated were taken either by the Government pliotographer, Mr. Charles 

 Martin, or by myself. 



Tlie translation of Fr. Juan Villaverde's article follows. 



De.vx C. Worcester. 



OCCUPATIONS OF THE Il^JGAOS OF QUIANGAX AND THE NEIGHBORING 



REGIONS. 



Tlie Ifugaos live without forming any society which is worthy of tlie 

 name, groui)ed in settlements for the most part subdued. In the less 

 rugged mountains, where they cultivate rice, these settlements are fre- 

 quently large; and according to the testimony of eyewitnesses there are 

 numerous otlier settlements in the main part of the cordillera. 



